NEUROECONOMICS OF AGING AND COGNITIVE CONTROL: A DISCOUNTING FRAMEWORK

项目说明（摘要） 这一提议探讨了经济决策背后的神经和心理机制 老年人的行为。经济决策是日常生活的重要组成部分，可能具有特殊的 与老年人的相关性（例如，储蓄与支出决策，退休计划，医疗保健选择，以及 药物依从性）。衰老认知神经科学的基础研究表明， 根据内部目标控制思想和行动的能力下降，这可能会导致 与年龄相关的外侧前额叶皮层和中脑多巴胺系统功能的变化。然而 目前，人们对这些认知和神经变化是否以及如何与 年龄增长影响经济相关行为。目前的提案提供了一个非常新颖的视角 在这个问题上，通过利用和整合来自三个领域的理论框架： 衰老的神经科学; B）认知控制的神经机制;以及c）行为经济学研究。一 拟议研究的统一主题是贴现框架的使用。该框架提供了一个 一种正式建模各种成本因素（如延迟、概率或认知努力）的方法， 结合结果的大小来确定其（贴现）主观价值，以及选择是否 在这方面，涉及收益和损失的情况有所不同。该提案扩展了我们以前的合作努力， 这一框架的一系列研究，整合行为，数学建模，神经成像， 方法.这些研究的一个关键特征是使用创新的实验范式， 经济决策的基本组成部分，以及认知控制如何 与情感和动机因素相互作用，以及这些因素及其相互作用如何受到影响 因为年龄的增长这些研究的结果有望提供有关经济的重要新数据。 老年人的选择行为，这可能被用来开发干预措施，可以促进适应性 在整个生命过程中的决策。

PROJECT DESCRIPTION (ABSTRACT) This proposal explores the neural and psychological mechanisms that underlie economic decision-making behavior in older adults. Economic decisions are a critical component of everyday life, and may have special relevance for older adults (e.g., saving vs. spending decisions, retirement planning, health care choices, and medication compliance). Basic research in the cognitive neuroscience of aging has suggested that older adults show declines in the ability to control thoughts and actions based on internal goals, and that this may stem from age-related changes in the function of the lateral prefrontal cortex and mid-brain dopamine system. Yet currently, very little is known about whether and how these cognitive and neural changes associated with advancing age impact economic-related behaviors. The current proposal provides a highly novel perspective on this issue, by leveraging and integrating theoretical frameworks from three areas: a) the cognitive neuroscience of aging; b) neural mechanisms of cognitive control; and c) behavioral economics research. A unifying theme of the proposed studies is the use of the discounting framework. This framework provides a means of formally modeling how various cost factors, such as the delay, probability, or cognitive effort, are combined with the size of the outcome to determine its (discounted) subjective value, and whether choices involving gains and losses differ in this regard. The proposal extends our previous collaborative efforts using this framework to a series of studies that integrate behavioral, mathematical modeling, and neuroimaging methods. A key feature of these studies is the use of innovative experimental paradigms that enable discovery of fundamental components of economic decision-making, as well as determination of how cognitive control interacts with affective and motivational factors, and how these components and their interaction are affected by advancing age. The findings of these studies promise to provide critical new data regarding economic choice behavior in older adults, which might be used to develop interventions that can promote adaptive decision-making throughout the life course.