Contextual risk factors for substance use in adolescent Reservation-Dwelling American Indians

项目摘要/摘要 K08指导研究临床科学家发展奖的长期目标是扩大 申请者的研究能力包括青少年保留地居住的美国印第安人(RDAI) 物质使用。拟议的培训和研究计划与NIDA促进研究的战略计划非常吻合 关于与物质使用有关的健康差距和增加少数人在物质使用中的比例 研究。候选人是一名美国印第安人，她之前的研究经验是在 成人RDAI中与酒精使用有关的健康差异，涉及定量方法。虽然 研究表明，RDAI青少年使用药物的风险更高，我们对其原因知之甚少 对于这种增加的风险。在一组成年RDAI中，我们发现RDAI作为一个群体预计下降较少 由于酗酒而获得一些基本的增强剂(获得住房、就业等) 与中产阶级白种人相比。因为成年人通常开始使用酒精和其他药物在 在青春期，研究不用于青少年RDAI的增强剂是高度公共卫生优先事项。现在 应用程序提出了一个结构化的指导、培训和监督研究计划，以增加 候选人进行高质量研究的能力，将最先进的定性和定量相结合 方法论。这位K08将通过职业发展和研究计划实现这些目标。 职业发展计划包括青少年测量发展方面的指导培训 发展与物质使用有关，美国印第安人青少年物质使用研究，定性 和先进的量化方法，以及将研究成果转化为治疗和预防方面的培训 发展。布朗大学酒精和成瘾研究中心提供了一个智力上的 用优秀的资源激励环境，确保候选人成功完成任务 训练计划。这位候选人组建了一支导师团队，每个人都是专家，在全国范围内享有盛名 他们在培训计划特定领域的研究。克里斯托弗·卡勒博士(主要导师)是一位 测量发展、先进的定量方法和翻译研究。唐·奥拉里奥博士(合作- Mentor)是一位以社区为基础的参与性研究专家，专注于种族健康差距 在使用和实施定性和定量相结合的方法时，应考虑到不同的人群。Dr。 克里斯蒂娜·杰克逊(共同导师)是青少年发展和药物使用参与方面的专家。最后， 保罗·斯派塞博士(共同导师)是美国印第安人成人和青少年研究方面的专家。这个 研究计划提出了三个阶段的计划，以测试青少年RDAI中使用药物的风险理论。这个 第一阶段使用定性的方法来确定和构建该人群特有的因素类型 --即社会/环境、文化和发展背景--这可能加强观察到的 物质使用。在这些访谈的基础上，我们将制定这些增强剂的措施，以便在阶段中使用 2.第二阶段是对将从定性面试中得出的衡量标准的心理测量评估 和在第一阶段进行的焦点小组。第三阶段是对这些之间的关联的横断面测试 因素和物质使用的牵涉。候选人将写一份R01，以便跟随这些人 纵向调查这些因素的作用。这项研究计划的结果预计将 最终促进理论基础、发展和文化上合适的理论的发展，以 防止在这一人群中使用药物并与其相关的危害。预计这将是 预防干预模式将针对物质使用的重要决定因素，其特征将是 在这份拟议的K奖和随后提交的R01文件中。总而言之，这一奖项将为候选人提供 开发独立的创新研究计划所需的专业知识，该计划将产生将 有助于我们了解RDAI高危人群中使用药物的风险，并提供更有效的信息 预防和干预计划。

Project Summary/Abstract The long-term goal of the K08 Mentored Research Clinical Scientist Development Award is to expand the applicant's research capabilities to include adolescent Reservation-dwelling American Indian (RDAIs) substance use. The proposed training and research plan fit well with NIDA's strategic plan to promote research on health disparities related to substance use and to increase minority representation in substance use research. The candidate is an American Indian, and her prior research experiences have been in the area of health disparities related to alcohol use in adult RDAIs, involving quantitative methodologies. Although research shows that RDAI adolescents are at a higher risk for substance use, we know little about the reasons for this increased risk. In a group of adult RDAIs, we found that RDAIs as a group expected less of a drop in access to some basic reinforcers (access to housing, employment, etc) as a function of heavy drinking compared to middle class Caucasians. Because adults typically begin using alcohol and other drugs during adolescence, studying reinforcers for not using in adolescent RDAIs is a high public health priority. The present application proposes a structured program of mentoring, training, and supervised research to increase the candidate's capacity to conduct high-quality research blending state of the art qualitative and quantitative methodologies. This K08 will accomplish these objectives through the career development and research plans. The career development plan consists of mentored training in measurement development, adolescent development as it relates to substance use, adolescent American Indian substance use research, qualitative and advanced quantitative methods, and training in translating research findings to treatment and prevention development. The Brown University Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies provides an intellectually stimulating environment with outstanding resources to ensure the successful achievement of the candidate's training plan. The candidate has assembled a team of mentors who are each experts and nationally known for their research in areas specific to the training plan. Dr. Christopher Kahler (primary mentor) is an expert in measurement development, advanced quantitative methods, and translational research. Dr. Don Operario (co- mentor) is an expert in community based participatory research focusing on health disparities in ethnically diverse populations, and in the use and implementation of mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. Dr. Kristina Jackson (co-mentor) is an expert in adolescent development and substance use involvement. Finally, Dr. Paul Spicer (co-mentor) is an expert in American Indian research with adults and adolescents. The research plan proposes a three phase plan to test a theory of risk for substance use in adolescent RDAIs. The first phase employs qualitative methods to identify and construct a typology of factors unique to this population – i.e., the social/environmental, cultural, and developmental context - that might reinforce observed patterns of substance use. Based on these interviews, we will develop a measure of these reinforcers to be used in Phase 2. Phase 2 is a psychometric evaluation of the measure that will be developed from the qualitative interviews and focus groups conducted in Phase 1. Phase 3 is a cross-sectional test of the association between these factors and substance use involvement. The candidate will write an R01 in order to follow these individuals to investigate the role of these factors longitudinally. Results of this program of research are expected to ultimately inform the development of a theoretically based, developmentally and culturally appropriate theory to prevent the use and harms associated with substance use in this population. It is anticipated that this prevention intervention model will target important determinants of substance use, which will be characterized in this proposed K-Award and subsequent R01 submission. In sum, this award will provide the candidate the necessary expertise to develop an independent innovative research program that will generate findings that will contribute to our understanding of risk for substance use in this high risk RDAI group and inform more effective prevention and intervention programs.