Project 4: Measuring Chronic Exposure To And Bioavailability Of Organic Chemicals

拟议的研究解决了广泛的SRP主题的检测研究，更具体地说，被动采样器的多化学品检测和水和沉积物中的生物利用度的测定的发展。目标1将开发一种通用被动采样装置（PSD），用于测量水中数百种有机化学品的时间加权平均慢性暴露。我们将推进PSD的理论、设计和应用，以适应非常广泛的物理化学性质（例如，KOW = 0-9），因此超级基金优先化学品清单上的几乎每一种有机化学品及其许多代谢物都将由一个PSD进行采样。我们假设，一个混合的聚合物吸附相包含在一个非选择性和高度多孔的膜将允许几乎所有的有机化学品的线性吸收。目标2将建立使用PSD来测量水、沉积物和土壤中多氯联苯和多氯联苯代谢物的生物可利用部分。我们将对受PCB污染的土壤、沉积物和水进行实验室生物利用度实验，以加深我们对控制PCB生物利用度的机制的理解，并在NPL现场进行实地验证。在与项目1的合作中，我们将使用我们的样品提取物来确定我们的生物利用度测量与项目1细胞测定中二恶英毒性当量因子响应的关系。目标3将建立使用PSD来测量水、沉积物和土壤中多环芳烃及其代谢物的生物可利用部分。与项目5合作，我们将开展与目标2非常相似的研究，以开发PSD在受控实验室条件下和NPL研究中心测量PAH和PAH代谢物生物利用度的用途。这项工作将 推进我们的理解和能力，以测量多环芳烃和代谢物之间的溶解有机碳，软，硬（烟灰）颗粒碳，风化油/石油产品相，生物区系的分配。我们假设，我们的新型PSD设计将在广泛的条件下提供生物可利用的慢性暴露的准确测量，并且PSD衍生的数据将克服更准确估计生物利用度和风险的关键障碍。

The proposed research addresses the broad SRP theme of Detection Research and more specifically the development of passive samplers for multi-chemical detection and determination of the degree of bioavailability in water and sediment. Aim 1 will develop a universal passive sampling device (PSD) for measuring the time-weighted-average chronic exposure to hundreds of organic chemicals in water. We will advance the theory, design, and application of PSDs to a very broad range of physico-chemical properties (e.g., KOW = 0-9) so that nearly every organic chemical on the Superfund Priority List of Chemicals, and many of their metabolites, will be sampled by a single PSD. We hypothesize that a mixed-polymer sorptive phase contained within a non-selective and highly porous membrane will allow linear uptake of nearly all organic chemicals. Aim 2 will establish the use of PSDs to measure the bioavailable fraction of PCBs and PCB metabolites in water, sediment, and soil. We will conduct laboratory bioavailability experiments with PCB-contaminated soil, sediment and water to advance our understanding of the mechanisms controlling PCB bioavailability and perform field verification at NPL sites. In collaboration with Project 1, we will use extracts of our samples to determine the relationship of our bioavailability measure to the dioxin toxic equivalency factor response in Project 1 cell assays. Aim 3 will establish the use of PSDs to measure the bioavailable fraction of PAHs and PAH metabolites in water, sediment, and soil. In collaboration with Project 5, we will perform studies very similar to those in Aim 2 to develop the use of PSDs to measure PAH and PAH metabolite bioavailability under both controlled laboratory conditions and at NPL sites. This work will advance our understanding of and ability to measure the partitioning of PAHs and metabolites among dissolved organic carbon, soft and hard (soot) particulate carbon, weathered oil/oil product phases, and biota. We hypothesize that our novel PSD design will provide an accurate measure of bioavailable chronic exposure under a broad range of conditions and that PSD-derived data will overcome a critical barrier to more accurate estimates of bioavailability and risk.