Project 4: Measuring Chronic Exposure To And Bioavailability Of Organic Chemicals

拟议的研究涉及检测研究的广泛SRP主题，更具体地说，是开发用于多种化学检测和确定水和沉积物中生物可利用性程度的被动采样器。目标1将开发一种通用被动采样设备(PSD)，用于测量水中数百种有机化学品的时间加权平均慢性暴露。我们将把PSD的理论、设计和应用推进到非常广泛的物理化学性质(例如，KOW=0-9)，以便几乎所有超级基金优先化学品清单上的有机化学品及其许多代谢物都将由一个PSD进行采样。我们假设，包含在非选择性和高度多孔的膜中的混合聚合物吸附相将允许线性吸收几乎所有的有机化学品。目标2将建立使用PSD来测量水、沉积物和土壤中多氯联苯和多氯联苯代谢物的生物可用分数。我们将利用多氯联苯污染的土壤、沉积物和水进行实验室生物有效性实验，以加深我们对多氯联苯生物有效性控制机制的理解，并在NPL现场进行现场验证。与Project 1合作，我们将使用我们样本的提取物来确定我们的生物利用度指标与Project 1细胞分析中的二恶英毒性当量因子响应之间的关系。目标3将建立使用PSD来测量水、沉积物和土壤中多环芳烃和多环芳烃代谢物的生物可用分数。我们将与项目5合作，进行与目标2非常相似的研究，以开发使用PSD在受控实验室条件下和在NPL地点测量PAH和PAH代谢物的生物利用度。这项工作将 提高我们对多环芳烃和代谢物在溶解有机碳、软和硬(煤烟)颗粒碳、风化石油/石油产品相和生物群之间分配的理解和能力。我们假设，我们新颖的PSD设计将在广泛的条件下提供对生物可用慢性暴露的准确测量，并且PSD派生的数据将克服更准确地估计生物利用度和风险的关键障碍。

The proposed research addresses the broad SRP theme of Detection Research and more specifically the development of passive samplers for multi-chemical detection and determination of the degree of bioavailability in water and sediment. Aim 1 will develop a universal passive sampling device (PSD) for measuring the time-weighted-average chronic exposure to hundreds of organic chemicals in water. We will advance the theory, design, and application of PSDs to a very broad range of physico-chemical properties (e.g., KOW = 0-9) so that nearly every organic chemical on the Superfund Priority List of Chemicals, and many of their metabolites, will be sampled by a single PSD. We hypothesize that a mixed-polymer sorptive phase contained within a non-selective and highly porous membrane will allow linear uptake of nearly all organic chemicals. Aim 2 will establish the use of PSDs to measure the bioavailable fraction of PCBs and PCB metabolites in water, sediment, and soil. We will conduct laboratory bioavailability experiments with PCB-contaminated soil, sediment and water to advance our understanding of the mechanisms controlling PCB bioavailability and perform field verification at NPL sites. In collaboration with Project 1, we will use extracts of our samples to determine the relationship of our bioavailability measure to the dioxin toxic equivalency factor response in Project 1 cell assays. Aim 3 will establish the use of PSDs to measure the bioavailable fraction of PAHs and PAH metabolites in water, sediment, and soil. In collaboration with Project 5, we will perform studies very similar to those in Aim 2 to develop the use of PSDs to measure PAH and PAH metabolite bioavailability under both controlled laboratory conditions and at NPL sites. This work will advance our understanding of and ability to measure the partitioning of PAHs and metabolites among dissolved organic carbon, soft and hard (soot) particulate carbon, weathered oil/oil product phases, and biota. We hypothesize that our novel PSD design will provide an accurate measure of bioavailable chronic exposure under a broad range of conditions and that PSD-derived data will overcome a critical barrier to more accurate estimates of bioavailability and risk.