Delaying Licensure: Latino Teens Riding with Impaired Drivers and Impaired Driving

7.项目总结 对于美国拉美裔美国人来说，在酒后驾车(DWI)逮捕和致命酒精- 相关的机动车撞车事故。尽管研究表明拉美人不酒后驾车，但这一点是显而易见的 比他们的非拉丁裔白人同龄人更常见。此外，拉美裔更有可能作为乘客乘坐 私家车和与酒精/药物受损司机(RWI)一起乘车的风险更高。这种风险很高。 在拉丁裔青少年和年轻人中。他们的高RWI率是一个主要的公共卫生问题，RWI也是 被认为是未来DWI的先行和强有力的预测指标。这些发现引出了两个关键问题，“如何” 是不是拉美裔青少年，尽管开车少，酒后驾车比他们的非拉美裔白人同龄人少，但 在与酒精有关的逮捕和撞车事件中作为成年人出现的比例过高？以及“我们能不能制定干预措施来阻止 如此冒险的发展？“了解青春期生命过程中RWI/DWI的途径 成年期的出现将极大地促进重点预防政策和干预措施的制定。 目前，对拉丁裔青少年的RWI/DWI的发育途径知之甚少。为这一空白增添新的内容 在知识方面，最近有两个突出的世俗趋势，这对年轻人构成了重大挑战；许多青少年 故意将驾驶执照(DDL)推迟到18岁或以上，以避免青少年司机的安全限制 州毕业驾照(GDL)法律所要求的(15-17岁年龄段只能在成人监督下驾驶) 和/或对乘客/夜间驾驶的限制)和处于青春期早期/中期的拉丁裔人现在有 与其他种族和民族的同龄人相比，酗酒和吸毒的流行率更高。对于那些18岁/岁的人 没有经验的司机谁DDL，他们有更大的风险，严重和致命的车祸，特别是在 他们选择使用酒精和/或毒品。有人担心这个问题在拉美裔中尤为严重， 驾驶经验较少或没有驾驶经验的18岁/岁比例相对较高的人群。这一事实再加上 注意到拉美裔青少年酗酒和吸毒现象日益普遍，进一步强调了 需要我们建议的研究，因为它与DDL、RWI、DWI和与酒精相关的致命车祸的差异有关。 我们的最终长期研究目标是开发干预措施来解决这种不同的健康风险来源。 为此，我们首先建议对最近的青少年健康数据进行强有力的分析，这将指导最初的 推进对DDL/GDL/RWI/DWI之间关系的理解并彻底 通知后续的R01应用程序专注于设计和实现有效的理论驱动 多层次干预计划。使用全国青少年纵向健康和致命车祸数据，我们将 研究可能导致拉丁裔青少年DDL的个人、家庭和社会因素。此外，我们还将 检查DDL和GDL与RWI/DWI发作以及致命车祸之间的关系。成功 拟议目标的完成将为有效干预措施提供关键的流行病学证据。 这将拯救生命，消除相关的健康差距。

7. PROJECT SUMMARY For U.S. Latinos, disparities exist in the areas of driving while intoxicated (DWI) arrests and fatal alcohol- related motor vehicle crashes. This is evident despite research showing that Latinos do not drink and drive more often than their Non-Latino White counterparts. Further, Latinos are more likely to ride as passengers in private vehicles and are at a higher risk of riding with an alcohol/drug impaired driver (RWI). This risk is high among Latino teens and young adults. Their high RWI rates are a major public health concern as RWI is known as an antecedent and strong predictor of future DWI. These findings prompt two critical questions, “How is it that Latino teens, despite driving less, and drinking and driving less than their Non-Latino White peers, are overrepresented in alcohol-related arrests and crashes as adults?” and “Can we develop interventions to stop such a risky development?” Understanding the pathways to RWI/DWI along the life course of adolescence into emerging adulthood would greatly inform the development of focused prevention policies and interventions. Currently, little is known about developmental pathways to RWI/DWI among Latinos teens. Adding to this void in knowledge are two recent salient secular trends that present a major challenge for youth; many teens are intentionally delaying driving licensure (DDL) until age 18 or later to avoid teen-driver safety restrictions required by state graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws (when 15-17 y/o can drive only with adult supervision and/or under restrictions for passengers/nighttime driving) and Latinos in early/mid-adolescence now have a higher prevalence of alcohol and drug use than their peers of other racial and ethnic groups. For those 18 y/o inexperienced drivers who DDL, they have greater risk of serious and fatal crash involvement, particularly if they choose to use alcohol and/or drugs. There is concern this problem is particularly severe among Latinos, a group with a relatively elevated number of 18 y/o with little or no driving experience. This fact coupled with the noted increased prevalence of alcohol and drug use in Latino teens further emphasizes the importance and need of our proposed research as it relates to disparities in DDL, RWI, DWI, and alcohol-related fatal crashes. Our ultimate long-term research goal is to develop interventions to address this disparate source of health risk. To do so, we first propose a robust analysis of very recent adolescent health data that will guide the initial steps toward advancing the understanding of the relationships between DDL/GDL/RWI/DWI and thoroughly informing a succeeding R01 application focused on design and implementation of an effective theory-driven multilevel intervention program. Using national longitudinal adolescent health and fatal crash data, we will examine individual, family, and social factors that may be contributing to DDL in Latino teens. Also, we will examine relationships between DDL and GDL and episodes of RWI/DWI as well as fatal crashes. Successful completion of the proposed aims will provide pivotal epidemiological evidence to inform effective interventions that will save lives and eliminate related health disparities.