Trace mineral levels, metabolomics, and diabetes risk

虽然2型糖尿病被认为是一种由生活方式引起的慢性疾病，但环境因素的重要性 糖尿病的危险因素日益为人们所认识。研究表明，某些失衡的动态平衡 微量矿物质可能会损害抗炎和抗氧化防御以及糖耐量，从而 它们共同在糖尿病的发病机制中起着关键作用。此外，研究还发现，一些重金属 暴露于糖尿病的风险，尽管潜在的机制还不完全清楚。尽管如此，一家 关于微量矿物质如何影响糖尿病的发展，文献中仍然存在严重的空白。此外，虽然一个 单个微量矿物质可能是代谢途径所必需的，它可能与体内的其他矿物质相互作用 糖尿病的新陈代谢和演变。分析代谢物(代谢组学)的先进技术使我们能够 测量血浆中循环的小分子代谢物的完整轮廓，提供全面的 了解一个人的代谢状态，这可能是微量矿物质与 糖尿病风险。在拟议的项目中，我们将检查微量矿物质状态与 糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗；并将识别与糖尿病相关的代谢特征 一项病例队列研究中的微量矿物模式嵌套在地理和种族差异的原因中 中风(问候)研究。ADERES是一项正在进行的美国全国人口队列调查，共有30,239名非洲人 美国(AA)和高加索成年人，基线年龄为45岁及以上(2003-2007年)。建议的病例队列 研究将包括1,538例糖尿病病例和在区域内随机抽样的子队列(n=2,666) 基准线上的种族性别阶层。这项研究将有助于识别美国人患糖尿病和/或代谢的风险 精神错乱。对于起营养作用的矿物质，这项研究产生的信息将对未来有用 在糖尿病预防方面维持微量营养素动态平衡的干预措施。对于有毒的 在低至中等暴露水平下，所获得的知识将作为 减少糖尿病和其他代谢紊乱风险的补救和预防战略。

Whereas type 2 diabetes is considered a lifestyle-mediated chronic disease, the importance of environmental risk factors of diabetes is increasingly recognized. Studies indicate that imbalanced homeostasis of certain trace minerals may damage anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant defense as well as glucose tolerance, which together play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In addition, studies have linked some heavy metal exposure to the risk of diabetes, though the underlying mechanisms are not completely clear. Despite this, a critical gap remains in the literature on how trace minerals affect diabetes development. Moreover, while an individual trace mineral may be essential for a metabolic pathway, it may interact with other minerals in the metabolism and evolution of diabetes. The advanced techniques profiling metabolite (metabolomics) enable us to measure the full profile of small molecule metabolites circulating in plasma, providing a comprehensive understanding of an individual’s metabolic status that may underlie the associations of trace minerals with diabetes risk. In the proposed project, we will examine trace mineral status in relation to the incidence of diabetes, and insulin resistance; and will identify metabolomic signatures associated with diabetes-related trace mineral patterns in a case-cohort study nested in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. REGARDS is an ongoing US national population-based cohort of 30,239 African American (AA) and Caucasian adults, aged 45 and older at baseline (2003-2007). The proposed case-cohort study will include 1,538 incident diabetes cases and a sub-cohort (n=2,666) randomly sampled within region- race-sex stratum at baseline. This research will help to identify Americans at risk for diabetes and/or metabolic disorders. For minerals that function as nutrients, information generated from this study will be useful for future interventions to maintain a homeostasis of micronutrients with respect to diabetes prevention. For the toxic minerals, at low-to-moderate exposure level, knowledge gained will serve as a scientific foundation for remediation and prevention strategies to reduce the risk of diabetes and other metabolic disorders.