Sources of Airborne PCB Congeners

摘要：项目4--空气中多氯联苯的来源 项目4涉及战略行动方案的任务规定，以改进探测和评估 超级基金化学品公司。我们将确定和表征空气中多氯联苯(PCbs)的来源 在学校和家庭内，以及在有多氯联苯污染的沉积物的超级基金地点附近。空中污染源 多氯联苯可能包括被遗留的Aroclor多氯联苯污染的建筑材料，以及消费品 在制造过程中无意中被多氯联苯污染的产品。我们的中心假设是 空气中多氯联苯的排放是多氯联苯同系物性质的函数，环境 变量，以及多氯联苯所在的暴露表面。我们将检查所有的印刷电路板同类物，以及 空气中多氯联苯的Aroclor和非Aroclor来源。我们将评估材料和产品的排放 在我们的合作伙伴社区的学校和社区中使用准确、精确和 可重现的。项目4产生的数据将使消除这些数据的决定具有成本效益。 我们将通过追求以下具体目标来解决项目4的S中心假设：目标1：我们将开发 新型无源采样材料。我们将设计和制造定制的电纺纳米纤维垫(ENM) 作为一种高效、适应性强的被动空气采样材料。我们将设计、校准和部署采样器 配备这种新型材料，以检测和测量环境中的多氯联苯同系物。目标2：我们将 确定学校和家庭中空气中多氯联苯的具体来源。ISRP的研究已经表明 被芳香族化合物污染的建筑材料和非芳香族化合物污染的消费品 同系物，可导致室内空气中的高水平多氯联苯。我们将在学校和学校测量空气中的多氯联苯 爱荷华州哥伦布交界处和西自由之家；生成学校潜在来源的清单 并测量这些材料的排放量。我们还将开发新的实验室方法来测量 并将应用学校教室的计算流体动力学模型来确定每个 作为气载多氯联苯来源的材料或消费品。目标3：我们将描述来自 全国范围内的受污染水域。我们假设受污染的水是主要的户外污染源 在全国范围内暴露在空气中的电路板。我们将使用现有的公开数据来预测排放、扩散和 这些水域周围社区的年空气中位数浓度。我们将通过以下方式来检验我们的预测 在当地测量空气中的多氯联苯，并将我们的结果传达给当地社区和环境 包括环保局在内的保护官员。我们的研究需要与ISRP分析核心密切合作， 社区参与核心，以及数据管理和分析核心。通过这些合作， 项目4将提供战略，以确定技术上和经济上可行的补救办法的优先顺序 重点是减少对多氯联苯的暴露。

SUMMARY: Project 4 – Sources of Airborne PCBs Project 4 addresses SRP mandates for improved methods for detecting and assessing the hazards of Superfund chemicals. We will identify and characterize sources of airborne polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) within schools and homes, and near superfund sites with PCB-contaminated sediments. Sources of airborne PCBs may include building materials contaminated with legacy Aroclor PCBs, as well as consumer products that are inadvertently contaminated with PCBs through the manufacturing process. Our central hypothesis is that emissions of airborne PCBs are a function of the properties of the PCB congeners, environmental variables, and exposed surfaces in which the PCBs reside. We will examine all PCB congeners, and both Aroclor and non-Aroclor sources of airborne PCBs. We will evaluate emissions from materials and products found in schools and neighborhoods in our partner communities using methods that are accurate, precise, and reproducible. Data produced by Project 4 will enable cost-effective decisions for their removal. We will address Project 4’s central hypothesis by pursuing the following Specific Aims: Aim 1: We will develop novel passive sampling materials. We will design and manufacture tailored electrospun nanofiber mat (ENM) as an efficient and adaptable material for passive air sampling. We will design, calibrate, and deploy samplers equipped with this novel material to detect and measure PCB congeners in the environment. Aim 2: We will identify specific sources of airborne PCBs in schools and homes. ISRP research has already shown that building materials contaminated with Aroclors, and consumer products contaminated with non-Aroclor congeners, can contribute to high levels of PCBs in indoor air. We will measure airborne PCBs in schools and homes of Columbus Junction and West Liberty, Iowa; generate an inventory of potential sources in the school rooms; and measure emissions from those materials. We will also develop new laboratory methods to measure emissions and will apply computational fluid dynamics modeling of school rooms to determine the role of each material or consumer product as a source of airborne PCBs. Aim 3: We will characterize emissions from contaminated waters nation-wide. We hypothesize that contaminated waters are a major outdoor source of airborne PCB exposure nation-wide. We will use existing public data to predict emissions, dispersion, and annual median air concentrations in communities surrounding these waters. We will test our prediction through local measurements of airborne PCBs and communicate our findings to local communities and environmental protection officials, including the EPA. Our studies require close collaboration with the ISRP Analytical Core, Community Engagement Core, and Data Management and Analysis Core. Through these collaborations, Project 4 will provide strategies to prioritize technically and economically practical remediation options that focus on reduction of exposure to PCBs.