Bisphenol A and Children's Growth & Development

描述(申请人提供)：双酚A(BPA)是世界上产量最高的化学品之一。它用于聚碳酸酯饮料容器、食品包装、食品罐头衬里和牙齿密封剂。最近的研究表明：1)BPA是一种内分泌干扰物，在低剂量下充当雌激素；2)它从消费品中渗入食物和水中；3)人类接触BPA几乎无处不在。动物研究表明，双酚A改变了性发育和生殖发育，包括大脑结构和行为的性二态改变；体重增加；青春期提前。出于对健康的担忧，几个国家和美国的州正在考虑立法禁止BPA。然而，到目前为止，几乎没有研究考察双酚A对人类健康的影响。这项提案试图通过检查生活在加利福尼亚州的一群儿童中发育中双酚A暴露对健康的影响来解决这一数据差距。CHAMACOS研究是一项纵向出生队列研究，跟踪了大约500名生活在以墨西哥裔美国人为主的农场工人社区的低收入儿童，从出生前到9岁。儿童在出生时和6个月、1、2、3 1/2、5和7岁时进行了生长、健康、神经发育和行为评估，并在每个时间点收集了尿样和/或血样。在这个丰富的数据集中，目的是检查双酚A在子宫和儿童时期的暴露与儿童生长发育的关系。其具体目标是：1)检测孕期约400名母亲及其6个月、5岁和9岁儿童尿液中双酚A的浓度。所有的样本，除了9岁的，都已经收集：2)确定母亲的BPA浓度是否与母亲(TSH、T3、T4)和儿童(TSH)的甲状腺激素水平有关。3)确定母亲和儿童的BPA浓度是否与5岁时的认知功能和行为有关；4)确定母亲和儿童的BPA暴露是否与5岁或9岁时的体重有关；以及5)确定母亲和儿童的BPA暴露是否与9岁时的代谢综合征有关。已经收集了关于母亲和孩子的甲状腺水平以及5岁时神经行为发育和身体质量的数据。代谢综合征的诊断将从9岁时收集的新数据(血压、腰围、血脂和空腹血液中的血糖)确定。这个项目非常适合这个大机遇RFA，因为它使用了现有的数据集和银行样本，它专注于显影暴露，它可以立即开始，并在2年内完成。这是一个潜在的高影响项目，可以立即向立法者和政策制定者提供BPA暴露对人类健康影响的答案，并为未来的调查奠定基础。 公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将提供有关双酚A暴露对人类健康影响的一些第一批数据，并解决咨询和监管机构确定的关键数据差距。通过主要依靠现有的数据和储存的样本，我们将在短短两年内完成研究，从而加快科学进程。此外，在这个队列中对BPA的测量将为未来在这个丰富和独特的数据集中检查多种其他结果奠定基础，例如哮喘(包括肺活量测定)、免疫功能(Th1和Th2细胞因子)和青春期发作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest production chemicals in the world. It is used in polycarbonate beverage containers, food packaging, linings of food cans, and sealants for teeth. Public health concerns have been raised about BPA because recent studies demonstrate: 1) that it is an endocrine disruptor that acts as an estrogen at low doses; 2) that it leaches from consumer products into food and water; 3) and that human exposure is nearly ubiquitous. Animal studies suggest that BPA alters sexual and reproductive development, including sexually-dimorphic alterations in brain structure and behavior; increased weight gain; and earlier puberty. Because of these health concerns, several countries and U.S. states are considering legislation to ban BPA. However, almost no studies to date have examined the health effects of BPA in humans. This proposal seeks to address this data gap by examining the health effects of developmental BPA exposure in a cohort of children living in California. The CHAMACOS Study is a longitudinal birth cohort study that has followed ~500 low-income children living in a predominantly Mexican-American, farmworker community from before birth to age 9. Children's growth, health, neurodevelopment, and behavior have been assessed at birth and age 6 months, 1, 2, 3 1/2, 5, and 7 years of age and urine and/or blood samples were collected at each time point. In this rich dataset, the intent is to examine the association of BPA exposure in utero and in childhood with child growth and development. The specific aims are: 1) to measure BPA concentrations in urine collected from ~400 mothers during pregnancy and from their children at 6 months, 5 years, and 9 years of age. All samples, except those at age 9, have already been collected: 2) to determine whether maternal BPA concentrations are associated with maternal (TSH, T3, T4) and child (TSH) thyroid hormone levels. 3) to determine whether maternal and childhood BPA concentrations are associated with cognitive functioning and behavior at age 5 years.; 4) To determine whether maternal and childhood BPA exposure is associated with body mass at age 5 or age 9 years; and 5) To determine whether maternal and childhood BPA exposure is associated with metabolic syndrome at age 9 years. Data has already been collected on thyroid levels in mother and child and neurobehavioral development and body mass at age 5 years. Metabolic syndrome diagnosis will be determined from new data gathered at age 9 (blood pressure, waist circumference, lipids and glucose in fasting blood). This project is uniquely suited for this Grand Opportunities RFA because it uses an extant dataset and banked samples, it focuses on developmental exposures, and it can be begun immediately and completed in 2 years. This is a potentially high-impact project that can provide immediate answers about the human health effects of BPA exposure to legislators and policy makers and lays the groundwork for future investigations. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will provide some of the first data on the human health effects of BPA exposure and address key data gaps identified by advisory and regulatory bodies. By relying mainly on existing data and banked samples, we will accelerate the science by completing the research in just two years. In addition, measurement of BPA in this cohort will lay the foundation for future examination of multiple other outcomes, such as asthma (including spirometry), immune function (Th1 and Th2 cytokines), and pubertal onset, in this rich and unique dataset.