Improvement of efficiency and robustness of power superconducting devices through high performance simulation tools and extended resistivity models

在工业化国家，电力系统的扩展越来越复杂。高温超导体（HTS）被认为是解决当前一些具有挑战性的问题的使能技术之一。特别是，超导设备比传统设备小约50%，重量轻，更容易承受临时过载，这对峰值负载管理至关重要。高温超导材料还具有作为自然故障限流器的独特性质，这种性质没有经典的对应物，为电力系统的运行打开了新的大门。 该研究计划的最终目标是“实现新一代紧凑，轻便和节能的功率器件，以解决电力系统的主要瓶颈和供电安全问题”。在今后五年中，将实现以下目标： A1）表征商用HTS导线在其整个电流和工作温度范围内的电阻率，以便允许故障限流器（或其他应用）的完整CAD设计 A2）提出在整个实际环境参数范围内有效的超导材料电阻率的经验数学模型（数据表形式） B1）在存在i）高度非线性电阻率和ii）界面电阻的情况下，识别用于求解低频麦克斯韦方程的最佳电磁公式 B2）找到处理非常大的问题的方法，例如3-D几何形状（例如电缆）或2-D几何形状，其中数百个导体相互作用（例如线圈，这意味着数百个约束） C1）推导出高温超导涂层导体不同层之间电流传输机制的严格解释，并提出提高其热稳定性的有效方法 C2）提高我们对线圈和电缆应用中HTS和铁磁材料之间相互作用的理解，以进一步降低交流损耗

In industrialized countries, the expansion of power systems is increasingly complex. High temperature superconductors (HTS) is considered as one of the enabling technologies for solving a number of currently challenging issues. In particular, superconducting equipments are about 50% smaller and lighter than their conventional counterpart, and withstand more easily temporary overload, which is critical to peak load management. HTS materials also have the unique property of being natural fault current limiters, a property with no classical counterpart and which opens new doors for operating power systems. The ultimate goal of this research program is to "enable a new generating of compact, lightweight and energy efficient power devices for solving major bottleneck and security of supply issues on power systems". Over the next 5 years, the following objectives will be addressed: A1) Characterize the resistivity of commercial HTS wires over their whole current and temperature range of operation, in order to allow full CAD design of fault current limiters (or other applications) A2) Propose empirical mathematical models of the resistivity of superconducting materials valid over the whole range of practical environmental parameters (data sheet-like) B1) Identify the best electromagnetic formulations for solving low frequency Maxwell equations in presence of i) highly non-linear resistivity, and ii) interfacial resistances B2) Find ways to handle very large problems, such as 3-D geometries (e.g. cables) or 2-D geometries in which hundreds of conductors interact together (e.g. coils, which implies hundreds of constraints) C1) Derive a rigorous explanation of the current transfer mechanisms between the different layers of HTS coated conductors and propose efficient ways to improve their thermal stability C2) Improve our understanding of the interaction between HTS and ferromagnetic materials in coil and cable applications, in order to further reduce AC losses