Development of real-time phasor measurement unit simulation model

魁北克水电研究所(IREQ)目前正在承担对魁北克水电系统进行实时仿真的任务，以更好地服务于系统的规划和运行要求。在IREQ开发的实时仿真平台Hypersim上，IREQ还在致力于在将最先进的智能电网技术实施到魁北克水电系统之前对其进行性能验证。在这些新技术中，广域监测和控制(WAMC)已被广泛研究，以抑制电力系统的区域间振荡。作为WAMC系统的关键部件，相量测量单元(PMU)同时测量电力系统大范围内的电压和电流相量。在部署WAMC之前，重要的是测试和验证PMU的性能，以确保在电力系统不同运行场景下的高可靠性和准确性。在大型电力系统实时仿真平台上对WAMC系统进行测试时，也需要准确的PMU仿真模型。 本项目将在Hypersim中将标准参考PMU实现为虚拟设备，并使用参考PMU作为实际PMU设备的校准工具，在Hypersim中完全模拟WAMC系统。所开发的PMU模型将考虑实际PMU装置的测量和计算误差，并设计了一种改进的相量计算算法，以跟踪电网运行条件的变化。该PMU模型将有助于在未来5年内将先进的WAMC系统部署到魁北克水电的输电系统之前进行实时仿真。本研究的结果将为商业软件Hypersim中的PMU模型提供参考，将有助于加拿大其他公用事业公司规划其WAMC部署，以提高加拿大电网的安全性和弹性。

Hydro Quebec Research Institute (IREQ) is currently undertaking the tasks on real-time simulation of Hydro Quebec's electric power system to better serve for the planning and operation requirement of the system. On the real-time simulation platform Hypersim developed at IREQ, IREQ is also working on the performance validation of the state-of-the-art smart grid technologies before they are implemented to Hydro Quebec's power system. Among the new technologies, wide-area monitoring and control (WAMC) has been extensively investigated to suppress inter-area oscillations in the power. As the key component of a WAMC system, phasor measurement units (PMUs) simultaneously measure electrical voltage and current phasors across a wide area of the power system. Before deploying WAMC, it is important to test and validate performance of PMUs to ensure high reliability and accuracy under different operating scenarios of the power system. Accurate PMU simulation models are also necessary when the WAMC system is tested on the real-time simulation platform of the large-scale power system. This project will implement a standard reference PMU as a virtual device in Hypersim and simulate a WAMC system completely in Hypersim by using the reference PMU as a calibration tool for actual PMU devices. The developed PMU model will consider the measurement and calculation error of actual PMU devices and design an improved phasor computation algorithm to follow the changes of the grid operation conditions. This PMU model will facilitate the real-time simulation of advanced WAMC systems before they are deployed in Hydro Quebec's transmission system in the next 5 years. The results of this research will provide a reference PMU model in the commercial software Hypersim, which will benefit other Canadian utilities to plan their WAMC deployment to increase the security and resilience of the Canadian power grid.