Data link and network layer protocol design for wireless Internet of things (IoT), Machine to Machine (M2M) and vehicular communications

物联网(IoT)已经从无线传感器网络(WSN)演变为将智能设备相互连接。物联网是信息和通信技术的下一次重大飞跃，预计到2020年将达到1.7万亿美元(美国)的市场规模，拥有超过500亿台物联网设备。物联网可能会在能源管理、交通运输、工业控制和医疗保健等领域产生惊人的影响；所有这些领域都对可持续开发和利用地球上稀缺的资源至关重要。 物联网目前仍处于交付承诺影响的早期阶段。有待解决的挑战是实时和可靠的通信、提供服务质量以及不同通信技术之间的互操作性。例如，使用单一的网络技术实现泛在覆盖是极其困难的。因此，必须提供不同体系结构和技术之间的互操作性。使用电池时，物联网预计将可靠运行数年，这需要均衡的能源消耗。异构物联网网络的协议栈必须能够在不同标准之间转换要求，以达到期望的目标。 车辆网络(Vehicular Network，VNS)在提供主动安全和紧急应用程序以减少甚至可能消除车辆事故方面至关重要。这就是为什么汽车和通信行业正在合作开发车辆到车辆(V2V)和车辆到基础设施(V2I)通信技术。IEEE 802.11p也被称为专用短程通信(DSRC)安全报文传送标准，正是这种合作的结果。短距离通信中心允许车辆之间的信息交换，以告知其重要的机动性信息，如航向、位置和速度，以避免碰撞和紧急应用。然而，V2V和V2I通信仍然不可靠，因为在相对繁忙的网络中的大分组生成率可能导致拥塞、干扰和处理负载。短距离通信中心也没有多跳联网的规定，如果V2V允许联网以扩大信息传播的范围，则系统的利用率和有效性将显著提高。基于内容的网络非常重要，将在V2V通信中进行探索。 开发一个研究工具(中间件)来加快物联网研究的步伐是极其重要的。该工具将在高级算法开发环境和硬件平台之间架起一座桥梁，并作为拟议研究的一部分进行开发，以验证物联网协议的完备性。 如果提供资金，将能够解决与物联网和VNS相关的上述问题，通过开发知识产权和提供HQP培训来提高加拿大的竞争力。

The Internet of Things (IoT) has evolved from Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to connect smart devices to each other. IoT is the next big leap in information and communication technology and is estimated to reach a 1.7 trillion dollar (US) market size with over 50 billion IoT devices by the year 2020. IoT is likely to have an astonishing impact in areas such as energy management, transportation, industrial control, and healthcare; all of which are essential to have a sustainable development and utilization of the Earth’s scarce resources. IoT is currently still in its early stages for delivering the promised impact. The challenges that remain to be resolved are in real-time and reliable communications, quality of service provisions, and interoperability among different communication technologies. For example, it is extremely difficult to achieve ubiquitous coverage with a single network technology. Therefore, interoperability among different architectures and technologies must be provided. IoT is expected to operate reliably for a number of years with batteries, which require balanced energy consumption. The protocol stacks of heterogeneous IoT networks must be able to translate the requirements between different standards to reach desirable objectives. Vehicular Networks (VNs) are essential in providing active safety and emergency applications to reduce and possibly eliminate vehicle accidents. That is why automotive and communication industries are cooperating together to develop Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication technologies. IEEE 802.11p also known as Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) standard for safety messaging was a result of this cooperation. DSRC allows message exchanges among vehicles to inform their vital mobility information such as heading, location, and speed for collision avoidance and emergency applications. However, V2V and V2I communications are still not reliable since a large packet generation rate in a relatively busy network can cause congestion, interference and processing load. There is also no provision in DSRC for multi-hop networking, where the utilization and effectiveness of the system will be significantly enhanced if V2V allows networking to extend the range of the information dissemination. Content based networking is important and will be explored for the V2V communications. Developing a research tool (middleware) to increase pace of the research in IoT is extremely important. This tool will bridge the gap between high level algorithm development environment and hardware platforms and be developed as part of this proposed research in order to verify the completeness of IoT protocols. Provided funding will enable to solve above mentioned problems related to IoT and VNs, contribute to Canada’s competitiveness by developing intellectual property and contributing HQP training.