Data link and network layer protocol design for wireless Internet of things (IoT), Machine to Machine (M2M) and vehicular communications

物联网（IoT）是从无线传感器网络（wsn）发展而来的，用于连接智能设备。物联网是信息和通信技术的下一个重大飞跃，预计到2020年将达到1.7万亿美元（美国）的市场规模，拥有超过500亿个物联网设备。物联网可能会在能源管理、交通、工业控制和医疗保健等领域产生惊人的影响；所有这些都是可持续发展和利用地球稀缺资源所必不可少的。******物联网目前仍处于实现预期影响的早期阶段。有待解决的挑战是实时和可靠的通信、服务提供的质量以及不同通信技术之间的互操作性。例如，用单一的网络技术实现无处不在的覆盖是极其困难的。因此，必须提供不同体系结构和技术之间的互操作性。物联网预计将在电池的支持下可靠运行数年，这需要平衡的能耗。异构物联网网络的协议栈必须能够在不同标准之间转换需求，以达到理想的目标。******车辆网络（VNs）在提供主动安全和应急应用以减少甚至可能消除车辆事故方面至关重要。因此，汽车和通信业界正在共同开发车辆对车辆（V2V）和车辆对基础设施（V2I）通信技术。IEEE 802.11p也被称为安全消息传递的专用短距离通信（DSRC）标准是这种合作的结果。DSRC允许车辆之间的信息交换，以告知其重要的移动信息，如航向、位置和速度，以避免碰撞和紧急应用。然而，V2V和V2I通信仍然不可靠，因为在相对繁忙的网络中，较大的数据包生成速率可能导致拥塞、干扰和处理负载。DSRC中也没有针对多跳网络的规定，如果V2V允许网络扩展信息传播的范围，则系统的利用率和有效性将得到显著提高。基于内容的网络很重要，将在V2V通信中进行探索。******开发一种研究工具（中间件）来加快物联网的研究步伐是非常重要的。该工具将弥合高级算法开发环境和硬件平台之间的差距，并作为本提议研究的一部分进行开发，以验证物联网协议的完整性。******提供的资金将能够解决上述与物联网和VNs相关的问题，通过开发知识产权和提供HQP培训，为加拿大的竞争力做出贡献

The Internet of Things (IoT) has evolved from Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to connect smart devices to each other. IoT is the next big leap in information and communication technology and is estimated to reach a 1.7 trillion dollar (US) market size with over 50 billion IoT devices by the year 2020. IoT is likely to have an astonishing impact in areas such as energy management, transportation, industrial control, and healthcare; all of which are essential to have a sustainable development and utilization of the Earth's scarce resources.******IoT is currently still in its early stages for delivering the promised impact. The challenges that remain to be resolved are in real-time and reliable communications, quality of service provisions, and interoperability among different communication technologies. For example, it is extremely difficult to achieve ubiquitous coverage with a single network technology. Therefore, interoperability among different architectures and technologies must be provided. IoT is expected to operate reliably for a number of years with batteries, which require balanced energy consumption. The protocol stacks of heterogeneous IoT networks must be able to translate the requirements between different standards to reach desirable objectives.******Vehicular Networks (VNs) are essential in providing active safety and emergency applications to reduce and possibly eliminate vehicle accidents. That is why automotive and communication industries are cooperating together to develop Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication technologies. IEEE 802.11p also known as Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) standard for safety messaging was a result of this cooperation. DSRC allows message exchanges among vehicles to inform their vital mobility information such as heading, location, and speed for collision avoidance and emergency applications. However, V2V and V2I communications are still not reliable since a large packet generation rate in a relatively busy network can cause congestion, interference and processing load. There is also no provision in DSRC for multi-hop networking, where the utilization and effectiveness of the system will be significantly enhanced if V2V allows networking to extend the range of the information dissemination. Content based networking is important and will be explored for the V2V communications. ******Developing a research tool (middleware) to increase pace of the research in IoT is extremely important. This tool will bridge the gap between high level algorithm development environment and hardware platforms and be developed as part of this proposed research in order to verify the completeness of IoT protocols.******Provided funding will enable to solve above mentioned problems related to IoT and VNs, contribute to Canada's competitiveness by developing intellectual property and contributing HQP training.**