SLC Center: Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center: Studying Robust Learning with Learning Experiments in Real Classrooms

匹兹堡学习科学中心（PSLC）解决了学习研究中的一个普遍问题-很少有研究结果从实验室到教室，从一个研究和开发环境到另一个，或从一个内容领域到下一个的过渡。 学习研究并不缺乏严谨的实验结果和相关的原则，也不缺乏现实的课堂设计实验和相关的课程创新，但始终缺乏既严谨又现实的实验结果。 PSLC有两个关键目标：（1）建立一个新的体内学习实验范式，在真实的课堂环境中使用实验室质量的方法进行严格的实验，以产生结果;（2）将研究重点放在鲁棒学习上，也就是说，学习可以保持很长时间，转移到新的情况下，并加速未来的学习。 PSLC的研究人员将在这一新的范式下追求结果，这些范式由以下研究集群指导，但不限于此：1。共同训练。学生何时、如何以及为什么使用多种输入、表征或策略，通过提供超越教师和同伴反馈支持的学习的自我监督学习途径来促进学习？2.对话何时、如何以及为什么课堂谈话和指导对话，无论是通过人类还是计算机，促进了健壮的学习？3.精炼。学习者如何确定环境中的线索，他们的行动和所需的知识之间的因果关系，以及教学支持和反馈如何促进学习者建立这种联系？4.流畅。知识成分的孤立学习如何与更大的真实表现中的学习相互作用，以及教学如何支持这种相互作用，以产生更流畅和更强大的学习？为了分摊希望进行体内实验的个体研究人员所需的高昂设置成本，PSLC将开发LearnLab，这是一种面向学习科学家的国际资源，结合了课堂测试平台，先进技术和大量详细的学习者互动数据库。 特别是，LearnLab测试平台将包括七门高度仪器化的课程，并通过智能辅导系统进行增强：代数，几何，物理，化学，法语，中文和英语作为第二语言。 这些课程将主持体内实验。 PSLC将发展必要的社会和技术基础设施，以促进这种试验，PSLC的活动将涉及教育和多样性目标以及研究目标。 LearnLab需要并提供学习科学家的博士前和博士后培训，以利用这种新的范式。LearnLab还将通过在当前和未来的心理学家，统计学家，心理测量学家，计算机科学家，工程师和教学设计师之间建立广泛的合作来丰富科学基础设施。实验操作，证明大量的学习收益将被纳入LearnLab学校，达到不同的人群，并最终到许多其他学校。 PSLC多样性计划包括将增加从高中到中心领导者的多样化学习者和学习科学家的渠道的活动。

The Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center (PSLC) addresses a pervasive problem in learning research -- that few if any research results survive the transition from the laboratory to the classroom, from one research and development setting to another, or from one content domain to the next. Learning research has no shortage of rigorous laboratory results and associated principles, or of realistic classroom design experiments and associated course innovations, but there is a persistent shortage of experimental results that are both rigorous and realistic. The PSLC has two key goals: (1) to establish a new paradigm of in vivo learning experimention, to produce results that survive rigorous experimentation with laboratory-quality methods in real classroom settings; and (2) to focus research on robust learning, that is, learning that is retained over long durations, transfers to novel situations, and accelerates future learning. PSLC researchers will pursue results within this new paradigm that are guided by, but not limited to, the following research clusters:1. Co-training. When, how, and why do students' use of multiple inputs, representations or strategies facilitate learning by providing an avenue for self-supervised learning that goes beyond learning supported by teacher and peer feedback?2. Dialogue. When, how, and why does classroom talk and tutorial dialog, whether by human or computer, promote robust learning?3. Refinement. How do learners determine the causal connections between cues in the environment, their actions, and desired knowledge and how can instructional support and feedback facilitate learners in making such connections?4. Fluency. How does more isolated learning of knowledge components interact with learning within larger authentic performances and how can instruction support such interactions to yield more fluent and robust learning?To amortize the demanding set up costs required of individual researchers who want to perform in vivo experimentation, PSLC will develop LearnLab, an international resource for learning scientists that combines classroom testbeds, advanced technology, and a vast, detailed database of learner interactions. In particular, the LearnLab testbed will include seven highly instrumented courses enhanced with intelligent tutoring systems: Algebra, Geometry, Physics, Chemistry, French, Chinese and English as a second language. These courses will host the in vivo experimentation. PSLC will develop the social and technological infrastructure necessary to facilitate such experimentation.PSLC activities will address education and diversity goals as well as research goals. LearnLab both requires and affords pre-doctoral and post-doctoral training of learning scientists to take advantage of this new paradigm. LearnLab will also enrich the scientific infrastructure by establishing extensive collaborations among current and future psychologists, statisticians, psychometricians, computer scientists, engineers, and instructional designers. Experimental manipulations that demonstrate substantial learning gains will be incorporated in LearnLab schools that reach diverse populations and eventually to many other schools. The PSLC diversity plan includes activities that will increase the pipeline of diverse learners and learning scientists from the high school level to center leaders.