QuSeC-TAQS: Distributed Entanglement Quantum Sensing of Atmospheric and Aerosol Chemistries

该项目解决了社会面临的一个紧迫挑战-如何跟踪和应对迅速变化的气候。其目标是开发和展示一个量子传感平台，该平台具有原位分布式传感器网络，以测量和了解大气化学和气候变量。在最基本的层面上，纠缠量子网络能够以比单独探测的每个系统的总和更高的精度感测多个地理和局部不同的系统。因此，纠缠网络可以阐明分布式节点上的探针之间的非经典相关性。将传感的物理极限扩展到在热力学和量子噪声极限下测量和分析来自环境的复杂数据集，可以帮助社会福祉和公共健康。该团队汇集了量子科学工程、电子计算机工程、大气地球科学、化学生物化学和应用数学等专业知识。这一努力与美国《芯片和科学法案》的推出以及美国在量子技术方面的竞争力保持一致。大气和地球科学家将利用该项目的新量子测量技术来解决关键的测量挑战：不同的测量环境，光谱学中更好的时间分辨率，通过分布式纠缠获得更高的灵敏度，和/或测量瞬态物种的能力。一个重大的社会影响将是公共卫生决策，基于新启用的测量和以前所未有的时空分辨率对大气化学进行实时分析，提供有关当地的可操作信息，例如，以预防呼吸系统疾病，通过全面的量子传感器纠缠网络实时实现。随着加州大学洛杉矶分校有望在2025年成为西班牙裔服务机构（HSI），这一努力发展了一支高素质，多元化的劳动力队伍，建立在非传统教育项目的良好记录基础上，包括Cal-Bridge和Physics Bridge，为加州州立大学校园历史上代表性不足的群体创造机会。UCLA Women in Engineering WE@UCLA Technical Academies将与大气化学和地球科学领域的行业、初创公司和非学术利益相关者合作，围绕该项目的技术成果，通过编程介绍量子传感。量子传感是一种强大的范例，包括使用非经典的光和物质状态来探测感兴趣的物种。与经典探针相比，计量学中的非经典光态，包括频率复用的高维纠缠光子和分布式网络中的压缩光，表现出未知的传感能力。该项目包括两个跨学科和协同的推力：1。量子使能的网络传感器系统，涉及传感器数据融合和量子传感器的多模态学习，以及在标准量子极限（SQL）和超出标准量子极限（SQL）的遥感中的分布式纠缠辅助高维精度相位计量。这一努力得到了推力2的补充。在量子传感器阵列的分子指纹，涉及超光谱双梳光谱和稳定超过标准量子限制，和分子双梳光谱在肖洛-汤斯限制和量子限制太赫兹光谱仪。与更广泛的量子传感社区相关，该计划将在每个传感路径中存在噪声和信道损耗的情况下，展示量子计量学对低于SQL生化灵敏度的分布式纠缠，包括双光子和多体时频纠缠源。该团队的重点将是具有挑战性的测量化学物种，包括N，S和C的还原和氧化形式，以及NH3，NOx和自由基化学物质。此外，该团队利用并推进了实时分析和量子传感器数据融合的数学。该项目由量子传感器挑战量子系统变革性进展（QuSeC-TAQS）计划和NSF国际科学与工程办公室共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project addresses a pressing challenge for society - how to track and to respond to a rapidly changing climate. The goal is to develop and demonstrate a quantum sensing platform that features an in situ distributed sensor network to measure and understand atmospheric chemistries and climate variables. At its most fundamental level, an entangled quantum network is capable of sensing multiple geographically and locally distinct systems with higher precision than the summation of each system probed individually. Entangled networks can thus elucidate non-classical correlations between probes over distributed nodes. Extending the physical limits of sensing to measure and analyze complex datasets from the environment at the thermodynamic and quantum noise limits can aid with societal well-being and public health. The convergent expertise of the team assembled brings together quantum science & engineering, electrical & computer engineering, atmospheric & geosciences, chemistry & biochemistry, and applied mathematics. This effort is aligned with the launch of the US CHIPS and Science Act, and for US competitiveness in quantum technologies. Atmospheric and geoscientists will leverage new quantum measurement technologies from this project to address key measurement challenges: varied measured environments, better time resolution in spectroscopy, higher sensitivity through distributed entanglement, and/or the ability to measure transient species. A major societal impact will be in public health decision-making, based on newly enabled measurements and real-time analyses of atmospheric chemistries with unprecedented spatial-temporal resolution, providing actionable information on locality, e.g., to prevent respiratory illness, enabled in real-time by a comprehensive entangled network of quantum sensors. With UCLA on track to become an Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) by 2025, this effort develops a highly qualified, diverse workforce, building on a track-record of non-traditional education programs, including the Cal-Bridge and Physics Bridge, creating opportunities for historically underrepresented groups at Cal State campuses. UCLA Women in Engineering WE@UCLA Technical Academies will introduce quantum sensing with programming around this program’s technologies resulting, in collaboration with industry, startups, and non-academic stakeholders in atmospheric chemistry and geosciences.Quantum sensing is a powerful paradigm that encompasses the use of non-classical states of light and matter to probe species of interest. Compared to classical probes, non-classical states of light in metrology, including frequency-multiplexed high-dimensional entangled photons and squeezed light across distributed networks, exhibit uncharted sensing capabilities. This project comprises two interdisciplinary and synergistic Thrusts: 1. quantum-enabled networked sensor systems, involving sensor data fusion and multimodal learning on quantum sensors, and distributed entanglement-assisted high-dimensional precision phase metrology in remote sensing at and beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL). This effort is complemented with thrust 2. on quantum sensor arrays for molecular fingerprinting, involving hyperspectral dual-comb spectroscopy and stabilization beyond the standard quantum limit, and molecular dual-comb spectroscopy at the Schawlow-Townes limits and a quantum-limited THz spectrometer. Relevant to the broader quantum sensing community, the program will demonstrate distributed entanglement for quantum metrology towards below-SQL biochemical sensitivities, including biphoton and multi-partite time-frequency entanglement sources, in the presence of noise and channel losses in each sensing pathway. The team focus will be on chemical species that are challenging to measure, including reduced and oxidized forms of N, S, and C, as well as NH3, NOx, and free radical chemistries. Further, the team leverages and advances the mathematics of real-time analyses and quantum sensor data fusion. This project was co-funded by the Quantum Sensors Challenge for Transformative Advances in Quantum Systems (QuSeC-TAQS) program, and the NSF Office of International Science and Engineering.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.