Compulsory schooling fee, schooling investments and income distribution : evidence from Vietnamese households

虽然关于发展中国家家庭教育投资的经验文献假设当地学校教育回报是农村家庭的相关投资激励因素，但这项研究使用了1993年至2007年期间越南家庭的微观数据，表明城市工资部门的回报是农村家庭进行教育投资的重要决定因素。研究结果还表明，降低义务教育的直接成本将通过改善受教育程度和获得城市教育回报的水平分布来改善收入分配。

While the empirical literature on the schooling investment of households in developing countries assumes local returns to schooling as relevant investment incentives for rural households, this study, using micro data from Vietnamese households during the periods from 1993 to 2007, showed the returns in the urban wage sector is important determinant for rural households in making schooling investments. The results also suggests lowering the direct costs incurred on the compulsory schooling will improve the income distribution through an improvement in the level distribution of educational attainment and access to urban returns to schooling.