Aberration-free linear-imaging phase microscopy using annular pupil and dynamic hollow-cone illumination

在显微镜中，众所周知，非线性图像分量的串扰使样品的复散射函数很难实现有效的图像解释。本研究的主要目的是在作者最近提出的无像差位相显微镜中完全抑制这些非线性成像分量。根据这一目标，第一阶段(2003)发展了环形光瞳光学成像系统的广义成像理论。该理论是三维(3D)成像理论的扩展。在这一扩展成像理论的基础上，编写了图像模拟程序，对无像差位相显微镜中非线性图像分量的串扰进行了评估。模拟结果表明，这些非线性图像分量几乎可以被成像系统中的环形光瞳拒绝。在本研究的下一阶段(2004)，构建了一台配备了环形光瞳的物镜和动态中空锥体光源的光学显微镜，作为所提出的无像差直线成像相位显微镜的测试平台。利用该实验台，在无像差位相显微镜的原始操作中，证实了非线性图像分量串扰的降低。因此，利用环形光瞳的无像差线性成像位相显微镜有望成为光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜的一种新的、有价值的成像技术。

In microscopes, it is known that the cross talk of non-linear image components makes difficult to achieve valid image interpretation for the sample complex scattering function. The primary aim of this study is the complete rejection of these non-linear image components in the aberration-free phase microscopy recently proposed by the author.According to this aims, the generalized imaging theory for the optical imaging system with an annular pupil was developed in the first stage (2003). This theory is the extension of the tree dimensional (3D) imaging theory. Under the basis of this extended imaging theory, image simulation programs were coded to evaluate the cross talk of non-linear image components in the aberration-free phase microscopy. The results of this simulation shown that these non-linear image components can be almost rejected by the annular pupil in the imaging system.In the next stage (2004) of the present study, an optical microscope equipped an objective lens with an annular pupil and a dynamic hollow-cone illuminator was constructed as a test bench of the proposed aberration-free linear-imaging phase microscopy. Using this test bench, the reduction of the cross talk of non-linear image components was confirmed without any problem for original operations in the aberration-free phase microscopy. The present aberration-free linear-imaging phase microscopy using the annular pupil is, therefore, expected as a new and valuable imaging technique for both optical microscope and the transmission electron microscope.