Aberration-free linear-imaging phase microscopy using annular pupil and dynamic hollow-cone illumination

在显微镜中，众所周知，非线性图像分量的串扰使得难以对样本复散射函数实现有效的图像解释。本研究的主要目标是在作者最近提出的无像差相位显微术中完全剔除这些非线性成像分量，并根据这一目标，在第一阶段（2003年）发展了环形光瞳光学成像系统的广义成像理论。该理论是三维成像理论的推广。在此基础上，编写了无像差位相显微镜非线性成像分量串扰的图像模拟程序。这个模拟的结果表明，这些非线性的图像成分几乎可以拒绝在成像system.In下一阶段（2004年）的本研究，光学显微镜配备了一个物镜透镜与环形光瞳和动态空心锥照明器被构造为一个测试台的建议的无像差线性成像相位显微镜。使用该测试台，非线性图像分量的串扰的减少被确认为在无像差相位显微镜中的原始操作没有任何问题。因此，本无像差线性成像相位显微镜使用的环形光瞳，是一种新的和有价值的成像技术，光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜。

In microscopes, it is known that the cross talk of non-linear image components makes difficult to achieve valid image interpretation for the sample complex scattering function. The primary aim of this study is the complete rejection of these non-linear image components in the aberration-free phase microscopy recently proposed by the author.According to this aims, the generalized imaging theory for the optical imaging system with an annular pupil was developed in the first stage (2003). This theory is the extension of the tree dimensional (3D) imaging theory. Under the basis of this extended imaging theory, image simulation programs were coded to evaluate the cross talk of non-linear image components in the aberration-free phase microscopy. The results of this simulation shown that these non-linear image components can be almost rejected by the annular pupil in the imaging system.In the next stage (2004) of the present study, an optical microscope equipped an objective lens with an annular pupil and a dynamic hollow-cone illuminator was constructed as a test bench of the proposed aberration-free linear-imaging phase microscopy. Using this test bench, the reduction of the cross talk of non-linear image components was confirmed without any problem for original operations in the aberration-free phase microscopy. The present aberration-free linear-imaging phase microscopy using the annular pupil is, therefore, expected as a new and valuable imaging technique for both optical microscope and the transmission electron microscope.