A comparative study on the relationship between integrated learning and new educational media in Japanese and Germany

本研究的目的在于探讨日本与德国在整合学习课程的关系中，网路与多媒体的使用。我们有两个项目。一是观察并记录整合学习课堂，并采访任课老师询问课程设置。二是探究儿童对媒介行为的态度，探究其媒介行为背后的心理因素。通过课程研究和课堂观察，我们发现媒体的使用对于整合学习有以下几点很重要：(1)情境性（项目的内容和目标与学生的真实社会经验有关），(2)需求驱动（协作处理问题的动机存在），(3)跨学科性（复杂主题需要跨学科，“网络化”思维），(4)集体实现(复杂主题需要分配解决问题；(5)教学过程的自我组织（学生自己负责项目的目标、计划和实施），(6)学习变化的场所（不仅在学校，而且在社会环境中），(7)产品导向（展示项目的成果）。通过媒介行为研究，我们列举了书籍、报纸、漫画、电视、电影、人际交流和电脑，并询问了它们的功能。我们发现计算机反映的是社会交往和信息行为，人类交往反映的是心理问题，书籍阅读反映的是创造力。研究发现，用户的媒体行为会影响整合学习。

The purpose of this study is to discuss the usage of internet and multi-media in the relation of a curriculum of an integrated learning between Japan and Germany. We have two projects. One is to observe the integrated learning class and record it and to interview a classroom teacher to ask the curriculum. Other is to search the attitude of children toward a media behaviors and investigate the psychological factor behind their media behavior. Through curriculum research and classroom observation, for the media usage to integrated learning, it was found that following point was important : (1) situatedness (content and aims of the project are related to students' real social experience), (2) needs driven (motivation for a collaborative treatment of the matter in question exists), (3) interdisciplinarity (complex topic requiring interdisciplinary, "networked" thinking), (4) collective realization (complex topic requires distribution of for problem solving; besides knowledge of subject matter social and emotional capabilities should be enhanced), (5) self organization of the teaching and learning process (students themselves are in charge of aims, planning and conducting of the project), (6) places of learning change (not only at school, but also in the social environment), (7) product orientation (presenting the results of the project). Through a media behavior research, we list a book, news paper, comic, tv, movie, human communication and computer and asked their function. We found that computer reflect the social communication and information behavior and human communication reflect the psychological Problem, book reading reflect creativity. It was found integrated learning was effected by the users media behavior.