Mechanically Engineered Devices with Micro- and Nano Structures for Reconstructions of Locomotory Organs

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1. Biological attachment of percutaneous devices and dental implantsFor the improved performance of percutaneous devices and dental implants, a model specimen was prepared which had the microstructure on the specimen surfaces to which collagen fibers of surrounding tissues anchors spontaneously. Implantation tests using the rats demonstrated that all of the specimens without the microstructure dropped out from the skin, however, significantly less number of specimens with the microstructure were dropped out of skin. Further, histological observation demonstrated the anchoring of collagen fibers to the microsurtucture2. Biological fixation of the artificial ligaments to bone tunnelsFor the improved anchorage of the artificial ligaments to bone tunnels, nonwoven polyester fabrics specimens with sparse fiber structure were prepared, in which bone ingrowth into the space between the fibers was expected. Implantation of the specimen into the femur of rat demonstrated significant greater anchorage and bone ingrowth in the chitin coated specimens than noncoated specimens. Thus efficacy of chitin coating was proved.3. Regeneration of small diameter arteries with mechanical biocompatibilityAccelularized bioscaffolds which have the similar mechanical compliances with natural arteries were prepared. The scaffolds were implanted to the common carotid artery of rat. After 4 weeks implantation, the scaffolds were found patent and inner lumen was covered by the endothelial cells. Thus we suggested the possibility of reconstruct small diameter arteries with the bioscaffolds having the mechanical biocompatibility as well as material biocompatibility.4. Regeneration of peripheral nerveThe devices combining biological materials and bioabsorbable synthetic polymers were developed for the regeneration of peripheral nerves. The structure to realize the enough strength of devices to maintain the inner cavity was found crucial for the regeneration.