Research on the Folk Culture of Korean People in northeastern China

1994年至1996年，由来自日本、中国和韩国的十多名学者组成的国际团队对生活在东北中国三省的朝鲜族民俗文化进行了联合研究：吉林(1994年)、辽宁(1995年)、黑龙江(1996年)。在这些省份中的每一个都选择了两到三个朝鲜族村庄，并对其民俗文化的几乎所有方面进行了实地研究(例如，社会结构、经济传统、成人仪式、年度节日、宗教信仰和习俗以及口头文学)。中国的朝鲜族人生活在绝大多数汉人中，受到二战后国家政治和社会变化的不利影响，如土地改革和人民公社的实施。特别具有破坏性的是从1996年开始持续了十年的文化大革命的影响：朝鲜人民的传统民俗文化濒临灭绝。中国人的影响不仅渗透到他们的精神文化和经济生活中，还渗透到他们的祖先崇拜、烹饪和口头礼仪等生活领域，这些领域通常不容易被文化适应。然而，在随后的几十年里，在中国政府的开放政策下，随着中国与朝鲜建交后互动的增加，在中国的朝鲜人中，对他们的种族背景的兴趣重新抬头。我们研究的主要目的是找出韩国人在社会转型中民俗文化的变化程度，以及他们的民族认同得到保持的程度。

An international team of more than ten scholars from Japan, China, and Korea conducted joint research from 1994 to 1996 on the folk culture of Korean people living in three provinces in northeastern China : Jilin (1994), Liaoning (1995), Heilongjiang (1996). In each of these provinces, two or three Korean villages were chosen, and field research was conducted on almost every aspect of their folk culture (e.g., social structure, economic tradition, rites of passage, annual festivals, religious beliefs and customs.and oral literature). Living among the overwhelming majority of the Han people, Koreans in China were adversely affected by the country's political and social change after World War.II,such as land reform and the implementation of people's communes. Particularly devastating was the impact of the Great Cultural Revolution, which lasted a decade from 1996 : the traditional folk culture of Koreans was on the verge of extinction. The Chinese influence penetrated not only into their spiritual culture and economic life, but also into such areas of life as ancestor worship, cuisine, and oral litelature, which are generally not susceptible to acculturation. In subsequent decades, however, under the open-door policy of the Chinese govermment, and amid the increased interaction between China and Korea after the establishment of diplomatic ties, there was, among Koreans in China, a resurgence of interest in their ethnic backgrounds. The primary objective of our research was to find out the degree of change in the folk culture of Koreans, and conversely, the degree to which their ethnic identity is maintained, in the midst of social transformation.