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Research on the Folk Culture of Korean People in northeastern China

中国东北朝鲜族民俗文化研究

基本信息

批准号：
06041108
负责人：
TAKEDA Akira
金额：
$ 16.96万
依托单位：
Soka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

An international team of more than ten scholars from Japan, China, and Korea conducted joint research from 1994 to 1996 on the folk culture of Korean people living in three provinces in northeastern China : Jilin (1994), Liaoning (1995), Heilongjiang (1996). In each of these provinces, two or three Korean villages were chosen, and field research was conducted on almost every aspect of their folk culture (e.g., social structure, economic tradition, rites of passage, annual festivals, religious beliefs and customs.and oral literature). Living among the overwhelming majority of the Han people, Koreans in China were adversely affected by the country's political and social change after World War.II,such as land reform and the implementation of people's communes. Particularly devastating was the impact of the Great Cultural Revolution, which lasted a decade from 1996 : the traditional folk culture of Koreans was on the verge of extinction. The Chinese influence penetrated not only into their spiritual culture and economic life, but also into such areas of life as ancestor worship, cuisine, and oral litelature, which are generally not susceptible to acculturation. In subsequent decades, however, under the open-door policy of the Chinese govermment, and amid the increased interaction between China and Korea after the establishment of diplomatic ties, there was, among Koreans in China, a resurgence of interest in their ethnic backgrounds. The primary objective of our research was to find out the degree of change in the folk culture of Koreans, and conversely, the degree to which their ethnic identity is maintained, in the midst of social transformation.

1994年至1996年，日本、中国和韩国的10多名学者组成的国际研究小组对中国东北三省（吉林（1994）、辽宁（1995）、黑龙江（1996））的朝鲜族民俗文化进行了联合研究。在每个省，选择了两个或三个韩国村庄，并对其民俗文化的几乎每个方面进行了实地研究（例如，社会结构、经济传统、成年礼、年节、宗教信仰和习俗以及口头文学）。在华朝鲜族是中国绝大多数汉族人的一部分，二战后中国的政治和社会变革，如土地改革和人民公社的实施，对朝鲜族产生了不利影响。特别是文化大革命的影响，从1996年开始持续了十年：韩国人的传统民俗文化濒临灭绝。中国的影响不仅渗透到他们的精神文化和经济生活中，而且还渗透到祖先崇拜，饮食和口头文学等生活领域，这些领域通常不易于文化适应。然而，在随后的几十年里，在中国政府的开放政策下，以及在中国和韩国建立外交关系后加强互动的过程中，在中国的朝鲜人对他们的种族背景重新产生了兴趣。我们研究的主要目的是找出韩国人的民俗文化的变化程度，反过来说，他们的民族身份在多大程度上保持，在社会转型中。