Detection and Analysis of Chemical Species at the Solution Surface by Photoelectron Emission Spectroscopy

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1. There exist almost no ways to analyze the solvation structures of molecules and ions at the air/solution interface. The present project aims to detect and analyze the surface species by photoelectron emission spectroscopy. It utilizes monochromatic 6-10eV photons to irradiate the surface and detects photoelectrons emitted from the solution surface. The threshold photon energy to produce the photoelectrons corresponds to the ionization potential of the surface species. From the ionization potential one is able to discuss the solvation structure and from the photoelectron current the surface concentration.2. Some tetraalkylammonium ions were used to segregate halide anions to the surface. The present technique successfully detected the surface accumulation of halide anions.3. The halide anions segregated to the surface by large tetraalkylammonuim cations have smaller ionization potentials compared to that of anions with surface inactive counter cations. Tetrabutylammonium iodide solution showed stepwise decrease of ionization potential with the increase of bulk concentration. This must be indicating the stepwise dehydration of iodide anion at the solution surface.