Trauma and History - The Psychoanalytical Interpretation of the Memories of Holocaust and Philosophy of History

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1) As a result of the analysis of the opposition between the interpretation of S. Felman and that of D. Lacapra on the film "Shoah", we made it clear that the acting-out and the working-through was not incompatible in the process of recovery from trauma, that the former should not be avoided, and that they should form a continuous process from the former to the latter. 2) We applied this insight to the analysis of the controversy about the "devoir de memoire" which had been aroused concerning the "Vichy-syndrome" in France. As a result, we could understand that the paradox according to which the Jewish people was condemned to be an "eternal victim" so long as they continued to insist on the "devoir de memoire". 3) We analyzed the return of traumatized memory of torture during the Algerian war in France. This phenomenon should be interpreted as a return of the repressed in the psychoanalytical sense.