Translation and translanguaging: Investigating linguistic and cultural transformations in superdiverse wards in four UK cities

这个项目的目的是了解人们如何在不同的语言和文化中进行多语言交流。我们将“翻译”定义为使用不同模式（口头/书面/视觉/手势）的意义协商，其中说话者对一系列语言和品种的熟练程度不同。当说话者没有共同语言时，他们可能依赖专业人士、朋友或家人的翻译，或者通过数字手段。这种做法发生在“翻译区”，处于翻译和谈判的前沿。我们认为“文化”不是对民族群体必不可少的一套固定的做法，而是一种变化的、可以协商的过程。在我们之前对多语言社区的研究中，我们发现使用者并不局限于单独使用语言，而是在表达意义时“跨语言”。我们将密切关注伯明翰、卡迪夫、利兹和伦敦在公共和私人场合的语言练习。我们将研究当人们带着不同的历史和语言接触时，交流是如何发生（或失败）的。研究结果将影响经济增长、移民、健康和福祉、体育、文化遗产和法律等方面的政策，为决策者以及公共、私营和第三部门组织的工作提供信息。本研究的目的是：1。将译语理解为公共场所的交流；2 .将译语理解为私人空间中的交流；3 .将译语理解为数字和社交空间中的交流；4 .了解当地交际实践的历史；开发变革性的、跨学科的方法来研究作为交流的译语；7.培养研究人员在艺术和人文学科进行高质量研究的能力；告知当地，国家和国际政策有关超多样化的社区设置。本研究采用跨学科的方法来理解社区内外的交流，重点关注从事法律咨询中心、移民商业、体育、图书馆和博物馆的人们之间的互动。之所以选择这些社区地点，是因为它们是在超级多样化的城市中日常使用多种语言和变体的环境。“超级多样性”指的是多样性的交织，其中不仅“种族”，还有其他变量相互交叉并影响城市中心的构成和轨迹。在机构中担任角色并经常使用数字和在线技术的多语种人士将被选为主要参与者（图书馆员、律师、移民商务人士、体育教练）。他们将提供与其他多语种使用者的联系，并在私人和数字空间进行交流。研究人员将在伯明翰、卡迪夫、利兹和伦敦的四个超级多样化病房进行人种学田野调查。研究人员将在关键参与者的工作场所“跟随”他们。在每个站点的初步观察之后，将进行录音、访谈以及在线和数字数据收集。拍摄各区的语言景观将持续26个月，以反映不断变化的文化和语言环境。一系列研究活动包括：专题研讨会、网络会议、城市研讨会、公众参与展示活动和会议，随后将发表一系列报告和工作文件。一个针对实践者、研究助理、早期职业和博士研究人员的全面和有区别的培训计划已经到位，用于能力建设，这将是该项目的一个关键特征和遗产。

The aim of this project is to understand how people communicate multilingually across diverse languages and cultures. We define 'translation' as the negotiation of meaning using different modes (spoken/written/visual/gestural) where speakers have different proficiencies in a range of languages and varieties. When speakers do not share a common language they may rely on translation by professionals, friends or family, or by digital means. Such practices occur in 'translation zones', and are at the cutting edge of translation and negotiation. We view 'cultures' not as fixed sets of practices essential to ethnic groups, but rather as processes which change and which may be negotiable. In our previous research inmultilingual communities we found speakers are not confined to using languages separately, but rather they 'translanguage' as they make meaning. We will look closely and over time at language practices in public and private settings in Birmingham, Cardiff, Leeds, and London. We will investigate how communication occurs (or fails) when people bring different histories and languages into contact. Outcomes will impact on policy on economic growth, migration, health and well-being, sport, cultural heritage, and law, by informing the work of policy-makers and public, private and third sector organisations.The aims of the research are to:1. understand translanguaging as communication in public spaces;2. understand translanguaging as communication in private spaces;3. understand translanguaging as communication in digital and social spaces;4. understand local histories of communicative practices;5. develop transformative, interdisciplinary approaches to researching translanguaging as communication;6. develop the capacity of researchers to conduct high quality research in the arts and humanities;7. inform local, national, and international policy in relation to superdiverse community settings.This study takes an interdisciplinary approach to understand communication in and beyond community settings, focusing on interactions between people engaged in legal advice centres, migrant business, sport, and libraries and museums. These community sites are selected because they are contexts in which multiple languages and varieties are in daily use in superdiverse cities. 'Superdiversity' refers to the interweaving of diversities, in which not only 'ethnicity', but other variables intersect and influence the composition and trajectories of urban centres. Multilingual speakers who have institutional roles and make regular use of digital and online technologies will be selected as key participants (librarians, solicitors, migrant business people, sports coaches). They will provide access to other multilingual speakers, and to communication in privateand digital spaces.Ethnographic fieldwork will be conducted by researchers in four superdiverse wards in Birmingham, Cardiff, Leeds, and London. Key participants will be 'shadowed' in their workplace by researchers. In each site initial observation will be followed by audio recordings, interviews, and online and digital data collection. Photographing of the linguistic landscape of each ward will continue for 26 months to map the changing cultural and linguistic environment. A succession of published reports and working papers will follow a series of research events including: thematic workshops, network assemblies, city seminars, public engagement showcase events and conferences.A full and differentiated training programme for practitioners, research assistants, early career and doctoral researchers is put in place for capacity building, which will be a key feature and legacy of the project.