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Releasing natural variation in bread wheat by modulating meiotic crossovers

通过调节减数分裂交叉释放面包小麦的自然变异

基本信息

批准号：
BB/N002628/1
负责人：
Keith Edwards
金额：
$ 368.63万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FN002628%2F1
关键词：
Releasing natural variation bread wheat

项目摘要

In bread wheat, important agronomical traits are distributed along chromosomes. Traditionally, plant breeders cross high yielding parental lines and then select for progeny in subsequent generations that carry desirable attributes whist removing undesirable traits. However, the process of 'gene-shuffling' (meiotic recombination) is non-random and skewed towards the ends of the chromosomes. Therefore, desirable traits are often transmitted as a block together with undesirable traits. This is analogous to dealing a deck of cards where a significant proportion of the cards are tethered by an elastic band. In this case a desirable hand cannot be achieved until the elastic band is severed and the cards are able to segregate freely. In this proposal we aim to understand why desirable and undesirable traits in bread wheat are often tethered together, so that we can break this bond, and release the full potential of available natural variation. Then, we aim to modulate this process so that the plant breeder can decide which traits can be 'dealt' together in the same variety. This unlocking of wheat's natural variation will lead to the production, via classical plant breeding, of superior varieties with favourable agronomic traits such as increased yield and improved nutrient acquisition. To provide direct evidence that our research has application we will work with two of the UK's largest wheat breeders KWS and RAGT to target chromosomal regions, which are known to be transmitted as blocks. We will show that by using novel procedures, we can increase the amount of recombination in these blocks. Increasing the amount of recombination in any of these regions will enable breeders to generate new gene combinations which will lead to new varieties with, for instance, increased protein content or pathogen resistance. Further down the breeder's pipeline our research will directly translate to new varieties with superior characteristics that will help maintain farm incomes and improve sustainability of the UK arable and milling industries. In addition high yielding varieties will reduce dependence on imported grain and associated transport and environmental costs and improved pipelines for the generation of new UK varieties that will enhance reliability and competitiveness in overseas markets.

在面包小麦中，重要的农艺性状沿染色体分布。传统上，植物育种者杂交高产亲本系，然后在后代中选择具有理想特性的后代，同时去除不理想的性状。然而，“基因洗牌”（减数分裂重组）的过程是非随机的，并向染色体的末端倾斜。因此，理想的特征通常与不理想的特征一起作为一个块传递。这类似于处理一副纸牌，其中很大一部分纸牌是由松紧带系住的。在这种情况下，一个理想的手不能实现，直到松紧带被切断，卡片能够自由分离。在这个提议中，我们的目标是理解为什么面包小麦的理想和不理想性状经常被捆绑在一起，这样我们就可以打破这种联系，释放出可用的自然变异的全部潜力。然后，我们的目标是调整这一过程，以便植物育种者可以决定在同一品种中可以“处理”哪些性状。这种小麦自然变异的解锁将导致通过传统的植物育种生产出具有有利农艺性状的优良品种，如产量增加和营养获取改善。为了提供我们的研究具有应用价值的直接证据，我们将与英国最大的两家小麦育种公司KWS和RAGT合作，以染色体区域为目标，这些区域被称为块。我们将展示，通过使用新的程序，我们可以增加这些块中的重组量。增加这些区域的重组数量将使育种者能够产生新的基因组合，从而产生新的品种，例如，增加蛋白质含量或抵抗病原体。我们的研究将直接转化为具有优越特征的新品种，这将有助于维持农场收入，提高英国耕地和铣削工业的可持续性。此外，高产品种将减少对进口谷物的依赖，降低相关的运输和环境成本，并改善英国新品种的生产管道，从而提高英国在海外市场的可靠性和竞争力。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Conversion of array-based single nucleotide polymorphic markers for use in targeted genotyping by sequencing in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum).

DOI：
10.1111/pbi.12834
发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
Plant biotechnology journal
影响因子：
13.8
作者：
Burridge AJ;Wilkinson PA;Winfield MO;Barker GLA;Allen AM;Coghill JA;Waterfall C;Edwards KJ
通讯作者：
Edwards KJ

A co-expression network in hexaploid wheat reveals mostly balanced expression and lack of significant gene loss of homeologous meiotic genes upon polyploidization

六倍体小麦的共表达网络揭示了多倍体化后同源减数分裂基因的表达基本平衡，并且没有显着的基因丢失