BONE LOSS WITH AGE--EPIDEMIOLOGY, FAMILIAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

在生命的第四个十年的某个时候，人类骨骼开始 失去骨头。 也就是说，骨量相对于骨量减少。 更年期和相关的雌激素缺乏会增加骨质流失， 女性 也有人怀疑骨丢失是家族性的，主要是 由于亲属中骨质疏松症的患病率增加，尽管 没有令人满意的科学数据来支持一个家族或 骨质流失的基因控制 在长骨中， 从骨内膜表面。 因为皮质骨变薄 贝壳，骨头失去了它们的机械完整性，更容易断裂。 脊柱的骨小梁质量也随着年龄的增长而减少。 椎板密度降低，失去垂直阻力 压缩应力，并变得更容易脊椎塌陷。 脊椎压缩性骨折和股骨颈骨折是常见的骨折类型。 最严重的后果是骨质流失。 该项目涉及流行病学、遗传学、跨部门、 骨丢失的纵向和生物力学方面（1） 参与巴尔的摩老龄化纵向研究（BLSA）的受试者（2）， 南斯拉夫的克罗地亚群岛和 关岛在密克罗尼西亚，（3）高级运动员人口，（4）在长距离 跑步者和相对不活跃的正常对照组，以及（5）大鼠和狗。

At some time during the fourth decade of life, the human skeleton begins to lose bone. That is, bone mass decreases in relation to bone volume. Menopause and the associated estrogen deficiency will enhance bone loss in females. It has also been suspected that bone loss is familial, mainly because of the increased prevalence of osteoporosis in relatives, although there are no satisfactory scientific data to support either a familial or a genetic control of bone loss. In long bones, cortical bone is resorbed from the endosteal surface. Because of the thinning of the cortical bone shell, bones lose their mechanical integrity and fracture more readily. The trabecular bone mass of the vertebral column also decreases with age. The vertebral plates decrease in density, lose resistance to vertical compression stress and become more vulnerable to vertebral collapse. Vertebral compression fractures and fractures of the femoral neck are the most serious consequences of bone loss. The project deals with epidemiological, genetic, cross-sectional, longitudinal, and biomechanical aspects of bone loss (1) among the participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), (2) in genetic isolates of the Croatian Islands of Yugoslavia and the island of Guam in Micronesia, (3) senior athlete population, (4) in long distance runners and relatively inactive normal controls, and (5) in rats and dogs.