BONE LOSS WITH AGE--EPIDEMIOLOGY, FAMILIAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

在生命的第四个十年里，人类的骨骼开始失去骨骼。 也就是说，骨量相对于骨量减少。更年期与 与之相关的雌激素缺乏会加剧女性的骨质流失。它有 也有人怀疑骨丢失是家族性的，主要是因为 骨质疏松症在亲属中的患病率增加，尽管没有 令人满意的科学数据支持家族或基因 控制骨丢失。在长骨中，皮质骨是从 骨内膜表面。由于皮质骨壳变薄， 骨骼失去其机械完整性，更容易骨折。这个 脊柱的骨小梁质量也随着年龄的增长而减少。这个 椎板密度降低，对垂直方向失去抵抗力 压缩应力，变得更容易出现脊椎塌陷。 椎体压缩骨折和股骨颈骨折是 最严重的骨质流失后果。这个项目处理的是 流行病学、遗传性、横断性、纵向和生物力学 巴尔的摩运动参与者的骨丢失方面(1) 衰老的纵向研究(BLSA)，(2)亚得里亚海的遗传分离株 克罗地亚的海岛和密克罗尼西亚的关岛，(3)高级 运动员人数，(4)长跑运动员，相对不活跃 正常对照组；(5)大鼠和狗。

During the fourth decade of life, the human skeleton begins to lose bone. That is, bone mass decreases in relation to bone volume. Menopause and the associated estrogen deficiency will enhance bone loss in females. It has also been suspected that bone loss is familial, mainly because of the increased prevalence of osteoporosis in relatives, although there are no satisfactory scientific data to support either a familial or a genetic control of bone loss. In long bones, cortical bone is resorbed from the endosteal surface. Because of the thinning of the cortical bone shell, bones lose their mechanical integrity and fracture more readily. The trabecular bone mass of the vertebral column also decreases with age. The vertebral plates decrease in density, lose resistance to vertical compression stress and become more vulnerable to vertebral collapse. Vertebral compression fractures and fractures of the femoral neck are the most serious consequences of bone loss. This project deals with the epidemiological, genetic, cross-sectional, longitudinal, and biomechanical aspects of bone loss (1) among the participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), (2) in genetic isolates of the Adriatic Sea Islands of Croatia and the island of Guam in Micronesia, (3) senior athlete population, (4) in long distance runners and relatively inactive normal controls, and (5) in rats and dogs.