EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUSES

丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）是慢性肝病的重要原因， 美国和持续的监管挑战，以确保 血液供应安全。 宫崎队列研究是一项正在进行的研究 在日本的一个地区，973人的HCV和人类T 嗜淋巴细胞病毒I型（HTLV-I）非常普遍。 之间 1985-1995年，14例患者发生抗-HCV抗体（抗-HCV）血清转换， 这一人群（以前每1,000人年有3.6个血清转换者） 血清反应阴性者）。 HCV-RNA在10例中检出， 血清转化者，并且在一年以上的时间里仍然可以检测到。 八个人 HCV和B型肝炎病毒都可能导致 肝细胞癌（HCC）在一些患者中，通常与 p53肿瘤抑制基因突变。 通过直接测序检测突变提供了比 免疫组织化学（IH）染色，但所需的设备和时间 这使得它在大规模研究中或 研究发展中国家。 在一项对28例HCC的研究中，19例（68%）有50 95%的细胞染色。 p53基因第5-8外显子的突变通过直接测序发现， 17例（61%）进行测序，表明敏感性高， 与直接测序相比，IH检测突变型p53的特异性 HBV感染的HCC患者。

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important cause of chronic liver disease in the United States and a continuing regulatory challenge for ensuring the safety of the blood supply. The Miyazaki Cohort Study is an ongoing study of 973 people in an area of Japan where both HCV and the human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are highly prevalent. Between 1985-1995, there were 14 seroconverters to antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in this population (3.6 seroconverters per 1,000 person-years in previously seronegative persons). HCV-RNA was detectable in 10 of the seroconverters, and it remained detectable for greater than one year in eight of them. Both HCV and the hepatitis B virus may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in some patients, often in association with mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Detection of mutations by direct sequencing provides more information than immunohistochemical (IH) staining, but the equipment needed and the time required make it less practical for use in large-scale studies or in studies in developing countries. In a study of 28 HCCs, 19 (68%) had 50 to 95% of cells stained. Mutations in p53 exons 5-8 were found by direct sequencing in 17 (61%), indicating a high level of sensitivity and specificity of IH compared to direct sequencing to detect mutant p53 in HBV-infected patients with HCC.