Effects of poverty on affective development: A multi-level, longitudinal study

贫困对情感发展的影响：多层次、纵向研究

• 批准号: 8690209
• 负责人: Christopher Stephen Monk
• 金额: $ 62.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-06 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8690209
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Affect; Affective; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Anxiety; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biology; Birth; Brain; Brain imaging; Buffers; Child; Childhood; Chronic; Chronic stress; Cities; Classification; Cognitive; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Economic Conditions; Emotional; Emotions; Event; Exposure to; Face; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Gender; Hydrocortisone; Income; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurobiology; Parenting behavior; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physiological; Plant Roots; Population; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Stimulus; Stress; Symptoms; System; Teenagers; Testing; Work; Youth; base; child poverty; dehydroepiandrosterone; depressive symptoms; experience; follow-up; high risk; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; low socioeconomic status; neglect; peer; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; stressor

Project Summary One in five children in the US grows up in poverty. These children face high risk for psychopathology, which often lasts a lifetime and perpetuates low socioeconomic status. Thus, poverty and its sequelae represent a major public health problem. Poor children often experience greater chronic stress, which may allow poverty to become biologically embedded by altering brain and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. By examining teens growing up with poverty-related stressors, the study will explicate the RDoC Sustained Threat Construct in response to RFA-MH-14-050. Little is known about how poverty impacts underlying biological mechanisms and gives rise to symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. This lack of knowledge hinders efforts to develop interventions targeting mechanisms linking poverty and psychopathology. Our objective is to better understand how poverty affects biology during development and leads to psychopathology. The central hypothesis is that poverty increases the occurrence of four types of stressors (exposure to danger, family conflict, residential instability, neglect), which leads to HPA axis dysregulation, increased amygdala activation and less mature regulatory connections from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the amygdala; extended exposure to poverty-related stressors leads to a protracted period when the HPA axis and amygdala are hyper- active, resulting in a systemic shift toward greater allocation of neural and cognitive resources to negative events and more negative affect, including anxiety and depression symptoms, as measured with self- and parental-reports. Teens will be assessed from The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), an ongoing study of children born to predominantly low-income families. Attributes of the FFCWS are: 1) children were assessed at birth, 1, 3, 5 and 9 years and will be assessed at 15; 2) the sample is representative of children born in their city and, thus, unlike almost all other brain imaging research, findings are generalizable; 3) Although the sample contains high levels of poverty, a full range of incomes are represented allowing for comparisons; and 4) Youth are now entering mid-adolescence - a period of heightened risk for psychopathology. When subjects are 15, affective function will be assessed at four levels of analysis: 1) brain (with functional MRI to assess activation and connectivity in response to emotional faces and with diffusion tensor imaging to measure structural connectivity); 2) HPA axis (by measuring cortisol in response to a stressor and DHEA); 3) behavior (using an attention bias measure); and 4) self- and parent-report measures of negative affect with follow-up at age 17. Developmental history from FFCWS (economic conditions, symptoms, parenting) will be mapped onto affective function at these four levels of analysis. By leveraging the FFCWS, the team is well positioned to conduct research that integrates experience across childhood with neurobiological and psychological data to better elucidate a major path to psychopathology.

项目摘要 在美国，五分之一的儿童是在贫困中长大的。这些儿童面临着很高的精神病理风险， 通常持续一生，并保持较低的社会经济地位。因此，贫穷及其后遗症是一种 重大的公共卫生问题。贫困儿童往往承受更大的长期压力，这可能会使贫困 通过改变大脑和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴功能而成为生物嵌入。通过 这项研究调查了在贫困相关压力下长大的青少年，这项研究将解释RDoC持续的威胁 根据RFA-MH-14-050进行建造。关于贫困如何影响潜在的生物学问题，人们知之甚少 并会引起焦虑和抑郁等症状。这种知识的缺乏阻碍了 努力制定干预措施，以建立将贫困与精神病联系起来的机制。我们的目标是 更好地了解贫困如何在发展过程中影响生物学并导致精神病态。中环 假设贫困会增加四种类型的压力源(暴露在危险中，家庭 冲突、居住不稳定、忽视)，这导致HPA轴调节失调，杏仁核激活增加 从腹内侧前额叶皮质到杏仁核的不太成熟的调节性联系；延伸 暴露在贫困相关的压力源下会导致HPA轴和杏仁核高度兴奋的长时间 积极，导致系统性地将神经和认知资源更多地分配到负面 事件和更多的负面情绪，包括焦虑和抑郁症状，与自我和 家长报告。青少年将从脆弱家庭和儿童福祉研究(FFCWS)中进行评估， 目前正在对主要来自低收入家庭的儿童进行研究。FFCWS的属性为：1)子项 在出生、1岁、3岁、5岁和9岁时进行评估，并将在15岁时进行评估；2)样本代表 儿童出生在他们所在的城市，因此，与几乎所有其他脑成像研究不同，研究结果是可以概括的； 3)尽管样本包含高水平的贫困，但考虑到 比较；4)年轻人现在正进入青春期中期--这一时期 精神变态学。当受试者15岁时，情感功能将通过四个层次的分析进行评估：1)大脑 (使用功能磁共振来评估对情绪面孔和扩散的反应的激活和连接性 张量成像以测量结构连通性)；2)HPA轴(通过测量皮质醇对 应激源和DHEA)；3)行为(使用注意力偏向测量)；以及4)自我和父母报告测量 17岁时有随访的负面影响。FFCWS的发育史(经济条件、症状、 父母教养)将被映射到这四个层次的情感功能上。通过利用FFCWS， 该团队处于有利地位，可以进行研究，将童年的经验与 神经生物学和心理学数据，以更好地阐明精神病理学的主要途径。