Effects of poverty on affective development: A multi-level, longitudinal study

贫困对情感发展的影响：多层次、纵向研究

• 批准号: 8690209
• 负责人: Christopher Stephen Monk
• 金额: $ 62.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-06 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8690209
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Affect; Affective; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Anxiety; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biology; Birth; Brain; Brain imaging; Buffers; Child; Childhood; Chronic; Chronic stress; Cities; Classification; Cognitive; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Economic Conditions; Emotional; Emotions; Event; Exposure to; Face; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Gender; Hydrocortisone; Income; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurobiology; Parenting behavior; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physiological; Plant Roots; Population; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Stimulus; Stress; Symptoms; System; Teenagers; Testing; Work; Youth; base; child poverty; dehydroepiandrosterone; depressive symptoms; experience; follow-up; high risk; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; low socioeconomic status; neglect; peer; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; stressor

Project Summary One in five children in the US grows up in poverty. These children face high risk for psychopathology, which often lasts a lifetime and perpetuates low socioeconomic status. Thus, poverty and its sequelae represent a major public health problem. Poor children often experience greater chronic stress, which may allow poverty to become biologically embedded by altering brain and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. By examining teens growing up with poverty-related stressors, the study will explicate the RDoC Sustained Threat Construct in response to RFA-MH-14-050. Little is known about how poverty impacts underlying biological mechanisms and gives rise to symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. This lack of knowledge hinders efforts to develop interventions targeting mechanisms linking poverty and psychopathology. Our objective is to better understand how poverty affects biology during development and leads to psychopathology. The central hypothesis is that poverty increases the occurrence of four types of stressors (exposure to danger, family conflict, residential instability, neglect), which leads to HPA axis dysregulation, increased amygdala activation and less mature regulatory connections from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the amygdala; extended exposure to poverty-related stressors leads to a protracted period when the HPA axis and amygdala are hyper- active, resulting in a systemic shift toward greater allocation of neural and cognitive resources to negative events and more negative affect, including anxiety and depression symptoms, as measured with self- and parental-reports. Teens will be assessed from The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), an ongoing study of children born to predominantly low-income families. Attributes of the FFCWS are: 1) children were assessed at birth, 1, 3, 5 and 9 years and will be assessed at 15; 2) the sample is representative of children born in their city and, thus, unlike almost all other brain imaging research, findings are generalizable; 3) Although the sample contains high levels of poverty, a full range of incomes are represented allowing for comparisons; and 4) Youth are now entering mid-adolescence - a period of heightened risk for psychopathology. When subjects are 15, affective function will be assessed at four levels of analysis: 1) brain (with functional MRI to assess activation and connectivity in response to emotional faces and with diffusion tensor imaging to measure structural connectivity); 2) HPA axis (by measuring cortisol in response to a stressor and DHEA); 3) behavior (using an attention bias measure); and 4) self- and parent-report measures of negative affect with follow-up at age 17. Developmental history from FFCWS (economic conditions, symptoms, parenting) will be mapped onto affective function at these four levels of analysis. By leveraging the FFCWS, the team is well positioned to conduct research that integrates experience across childhood with neurobiological and psychological data to better elucidate a major path to psychopathology.

项目摘要 美国五分之一的孩子在贫困中长大。这些孩子面临着心理病理学的高风险，这是 通常会持续一生，并使低社会经济地位永存。因此，贫穷及其后遗症代表 主要的公共卫生问题。贫穷的孩子通常会遭受更大的慢性压力，这可能会使贫困 通过改变大脑和下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺（HPA）轴功能而在生物学上嵌入。经过 研究青少年与贫困相关的压力源成长，该研究将阐明RDOC持续威胁 响应RFA-MH-14-050。关于贫困如何影响生物学的影响知之甚少 机制并引起症状，例如焦虑和抑郁。缺乏知识阻碍 努力制定针对贫困和心理病理学的机制的干预措施。我们的目标是 更好地了解贫困如何影响发展过程中的生物学并导致心理病理学。中央 假设是贫困增加了四种类型的压力源的发生（暴露于危险，家庭 冲突，住宅不稳定，忽视），导致HPA轴失调，增加了杏仁核的激活 从腹侧前额叶皮层到杏仁核的成熟调节连接较少；扩展 当HPA轴和杏仁核是高度 - 积极的，导致系统的转变向更大的神经和认知资源分配到负面 事件和更多的负面影响，包括焦虑和抑郁症状，如自我和 父母报告。青少年将从脆弱的家庭和儿童健康研究（FFCWS）中进行评估，这是一个 正在进行对主要低收入家庭所生的儿童的研究。 FFCW的属性是：1）儿童 在出生时对1、3、5和9年进行评估，并将在15岁时进行评估； 2）样本是代表 在他们的城市中出生的孩子，因此与几乎所有其他大脑成像研究不同，发现是可以推广的。 3）尽管样本含有高水平的贫困，但代表了全部收入，允许 比较； 4）年轻人现在进入青春期中 - 心理病理学。当受试者为15时，将在四个分析级别评估情感功能：1）大脑 （使用功能性MRI来评估对情绪面孔的激活和连通性，并扩散 张量成像以测量结构连通性）； 2）HPA轴（通过测量对A的皮质醇 压力源和DHEA）； 3）行为（使用注意力偏差措施）； 4）自我和父母报告的措施 17岁时随访的负面影响。来自FFCW的发展历史（经济状况，症状， 在这四个级别的分析层面上，育儿）将映射到情感功能上。通过利用FFCW， 该团队在进行研究方面的良好位置，使整个童年的经验与 神经生物学和心理数据，以更好地阐明心理病理学的主要途径。