Effects of poverty on affective development: A multi-level, longitudinal study

贫困对情感发展的影响：多层次、纵向研究

• 批准号: 9064843
• 负责人: Christopher Stephen Monk
• 金额: $ 58.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-06 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9064843
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Affect; Affective; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Anxiety; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biology; Birth; Brain; Brain imaging; Buffers; Child; Child Rearing; Childhood; Chronic; Chronic stress; Cities; Classification; Cognitive; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Economic Conditions; Emotional; Emotions; Event; Exposure to; Face; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Gender; Health; Hydrocortisone; Income; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurobiology; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physiological; Plant Roots; Population; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Stimulus; Stress; Symptoms; System; Teenagers; Testing; Work; Youth; anxiety symptoms; base; child poverty; dehydroepiandrosterone; depressive symptoms; experience; follow-up; high risk; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; low socioeconomic status; negative affect; neglect; peer; psychologic; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; stressor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One in five children in the US grows up in poverty. These children face high risk for psychopathology, which often lasts a lifetime and perpetuates low socioeconomic status. Thus, poverty and its sequelae represent a major public health problem. Poor children often experience greater chronic stress, which may allow poverty to become biologically embedded by altering brain and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. By examining teens growing up with poverty-related stressors, the study will explicate the RDoC Sustained Threat Construct in response to RFA-MH-14-050. Little is known about how poverty impacts underlying biological mechanisms and gives rise to symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. This lack of knowledge hinders efforts to develop interventions targeting mechanisms linking poverty and psychopathology. Our objective is to better understand how poverty affects biology during development and leads to psychopathology. The central hypothesis is that poverty increases the occurrence of four types of stressors (exposure to danger, family conflict, residential instability, neglect), which leads to HPA axis dysregulatio, increased amygdala activation and less mature regulatory connections from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the amygdala; extended exposure to poverty-related stressors leads to a protracted period when the HPA axis and amygdala are hyper- active, resulting in a systemic shift toward greater allocation of neural and cognitive resources to negative events and more negative affect, including anxiety and depression symptoms, as measured with self- and parental-reports. Teens will be assessed from The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), an ongoing study of children born to predominantly low-income families. Attributes of the FFCWS are: 1) children were assessed at birth, 1, 3, 5 and 9 years and will be assessed at 15; 2) the sample is representative of children born in their city and, thus, unlike almost all othr brain imaging research, findings are generalizable; 3) Although the sample contains high levels of poverty, a full range of incomes are represented allowing for comparisons; and 4) Youth are now entering mid-adolescence - a period of heightened risk for psychopathology. When subjects are 15, affective function will be assessed at four levels of analysis: 1) brain (with functional MRI to assess activation and connectivity in response to emotional faces and with diffusion tensor imaging to measure structural connectivity); 2) HPA axis (by measuring cortisol in response to a stressor and DHEA); 3) behavior (using an attention bias measure); and 4) self- and parent-report measures of negative affect with follow-up at age 17. Developmental history from FFCWS (economic conditions, symptoms, parenting) will be mapped onto affective function at these four levels of analysis. By leveraging the FFCWS, the team is well positioned to conduct research that integrates experience across childhood with neurobiological and psychological data to better elucidate a major path to psychopathology.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国五分之一的孩子在贫困中长大。这些儿童面临着心理病理学的高风险，这通常会持续一生，并使社会经济状况低下。因此，贫困及其后遗症代表了一个重大的公共卫生问题。贫穷的孩子通常会遭受更大的慢性压力，这可能会使贫困通过改变大脑和下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺（HPA）轴功能而在生物学上嵌入。通过检查与贫困相关的压力源成长的青少年，该研究将根据RFA-MH-14-050阐明RDOC持续威胁构建体。关于贫困如何影响生物学机制并引起症状，例如焦虑和抑郁症，知之甚少。缺乏知识阻碍了制定针对贫困和精神病理学的机制的干预措施的努力。我们的目标是更好地了解贫困在发展过程中如何影响生物学并导致心理病理学。中心假设是，贫困增加了四种类型的压力源（暴露于危险，家庭冲突，住宅不稳定，被忽视），这导致HPA轴运动障碍，杏仁核激活增加，并且从腹膜前颈前Cortex cortex to Amygdala进行了较小当HPA轴和杏仁核非常活跃时，与贫困相关的压力源的扩展导致旷日持久的时期，从而使系统转向更大的神经和认知资源对负面事件的分配，并按照自我和种族报道的衡量，包括焦虑和抑郁症状，包括焦虑和抑郁症状。青少年将从脆弱的家庭和儿童健康研究（FFCWS）中进行评估，这是一项对主要低收入家庭所生的儿童的持续研究。 FFCW的属性为：1）在出生时对儿童进行1、3、5和9岁的评估，并将在15岁时进行评估； 2）样本代表了他们城市中出生的儿童，因此，与几乎所有的Othr脑成像研究不同，发现都是可以推广的。 3）尽管样本含有高水平的贫困，但代表了全部收入，允许进行比较； 4）年轻人现在进入青春期中期 - 心理病理学风险增加的时期。当受试者为15时，将在四个分析级别上评估情感功能：1）大脑（具有功能性MRI来评估对情绪面孔的激活和连通性，并通过扩散张量张量成像来测量结构连接性）； 2）HPA轴（通过响应压力源和DHEA的测量皮质醇）； 3）行为（使用注意力偏差措施）； 4）在17岁时随访的负面影响的自我和父母报告测量。FFCW（经济状况，症状，育儿）的发育历史将在这四个分析级别下映射到情感功能上。通过利用FFCWS，该团队有能力进行研究，将整个童年的经验与神经生物学和心理学数据融为一体，以更好地阐明心理病理学的主要途径。