Effects of poverty on affective development: A multi-level, longitudinal study

贫困对情感发展的影响：多层次、纵向研究

• 批准号: 9075688
• 负责人: Christopher Stephen Monk
• 金额: $ 30.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-24 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9075688
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Affect; Affective; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Anxiety; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biology; Birth; Brain; Brain imaging; Buffers; Child; Child Rearing; Childhood; Chronic; Chronic stress; Cities; Classification; Cognitive; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Economic Conditions; Emotional; Emotions; Event; Exposure to; Face; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Gender; Health; Hydrocortisone; Income; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurobiology; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physiological; Plant Roots; Population; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Stimulus; Stress; Symptoms; System; Teenagers; Testing; Work; Youth; anxiety symptoms; base; child poverty; dehydroepiandrosterone; depressive symptoms; experience; follow-up; high risk; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; low socioeconomic status; neglect; peer; psychologic; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; stressor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One in five children in the US grows up in poverty. These children face high risk for psychopathology, which often lasts a lifetime and perpetuates low socioeconomic status. Thus, poverty and its sequelae represent a major public health problem. Poor children often experience greater chronic stress, which may allow poverty to become biologically embedded by altering brain and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. By examining teens growing up with poverty-related stressors, the study will explicate the RDoC Sustained Threat Construct in response to RFA-MH-14-050. Little is known about how poverty impacts underlying biological mechanisms and gives rise to symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. This lack of knowledge hinders efforts to develop interventions targeting mechanisms linking poverty and psychopathology. Our objective is to better understand how poverty affects biology during development and leads to psychopathology. The central hypothesis is that poverty increases the occurrence of four types of stressors (exposure to danger, family conflict, residential instability, neglect), which leads to HPA axis dysregulatio, increased amygdala activation and less mature regulatory connections from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the amygdala; extended exposure to poverty-related stressors leads to a protracted period when the HPA axis and amygdala are hyper- active, resulting in a systemic shift toward greater allocation of neural and cognitive resources to negative events and more negative affect, including anxiety and depression symptoms, as measured with self- and parental-reports. Teens will be assessed from The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), an ongoing study of children born to predominantly low-income families. Attributes of the FFCWS are: 1) children were assessed at birth, 1, 3, 5 and 9 years and will be assessed at 15; 2) the sample is representative of children born in their city and, thus, unlike almost all othr brain imaging research, findings are generalizable; 3) Although the sample contains high levels of poverty, a full range of incomes are represented allowing for comparisons; and 4) Youth are now entering mid-adolescence - a period of heightened risk for psychopathology. When subjects are 15, affective function will be assessed at four levels of analysis: 1) brain (with functional MRI to assess activation and connectivity in response to emotional faces and with diffusion tensor imaging to measure structural connectivity); 2) HPA axis (by measuring cortisol in response to a stressor and DHEA); 3) behavior (using an attention bias measure); and 4) self- and parent-report measures of negative affect with follow-up at age 17. Developmental history from FFCWS (economic conditions, symptoms, parenting) will be mapped onto affective function at these four levels of analysis. By leveraging the FFCWS, the team is well positioned to conduct research that integrates experience across childhood with neurobiological and psychological data to better elucidate a major path to psychopathology.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国五分之一的儿童在贫困中长大。这些儿童面临着精神病理学的高风险，这种风险往往持续一生，并使其社会经济地位低下。因此，贫穷及其后遗症是一个重大的公共卫生问题。贫困儿童往往经历更大的慢性压力，这可能会使贫困成为生物嵌入改变大脑和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴功能。通过研究在贫困相关压力下成长的青少年，该研究将解释RDoC持续威胁结构对RFA-MH-14-050的响应。人们对贫穷如何影响基本的生物机制并引起焦虑和抑郁等症状知之甚少。这种知识的缺乏阻碍了针对贫困与精神病理学之间的联系机制制定干预措施的努力。我们的目标是更好地了解贫困如何影响发育过程中的生物学，并导致精神病理学。中心假设是贫困增加了四种压力源的发生（暴露于危险、家庭冲突、居住不稳定、忽视），导致HPA轴失调，杏仁核激活增加，腹内侧前额叶皮层到杏仁核的调节联系不成熟;长期暴露于与贫困相关的压力源导致下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和杏仁核过度活跃，导致系统性的转变，使神经和认知资源更多地分配给负面事件和更多的负面影响，包括焦虑和抑郁症状，如自我和父母报告所测量的。青少年将从脆弱家庭和儿童福利研究（FFCWS）中进行评估，这是一项正在进行的针对主要出生于低收入家庭的儿童的研究。FFCWS的属性是：1）儿童在出生时、1岁、3岁、5岁和9岁时进行评估，并将在15岁时进行评估; 2）样本代表了在其城市出生的儿童，因此，与几乎所有其他脑成像研究不同，结果是可概括的; 3）尽管样本包含高水平的贫困，但代表了各种收入，允许进行比较; 4）年轻人现在正进入青春期中期，这是一个精神病理学风险增加的时期。当受试者15岁时，情感功能将在四个分析层面进行评估：1）大脑（用功能性MRI评估对情绪面孔的激活和连接，用弥散张量成像测量结构连接）; 2）HPA轴（通过测量皮质醇对压力和DHEA的反应）; 3）行为（使用注意力偏差测量）;和4）自我和父母报告的负面影响的措施，在17岁的后续行动。FFCWS的发展历史（经济状况，症状，养育）将映射到情感功能在这四个层次的分析。通过利用FFCWS，该团队能够很好地进行研究，将儿童时期的经验与神经生物学和心理学数据相结合，以更好地阐明精神病理学的主要途径。