Removing and Manipulating Emotional Information in Working Memory: Cognitive and Neural Representations

删除和操纵工作记忆中的情感信息：认知和神经表征

• 批准号: 10450323
• 负责人: Marie T Banich
• 金额: $ 77.04万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10450323
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anxiety; Behavior; Brain; Brain imaging; Cognitive; Computational Technique; Data; Effectiveness; Emotional; Excision; Face; Feedback; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Machine Learning; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Processes; Mental disorders; Methodology; Mind; Nature; Patient Self-Report; Persons; Process; Psyche structure; Psychopathology; Recording of previous events; Recurrence; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Scientist; Series; Short-Term Memory; Symptoms; System; Techniques; Testing; Thinking; Time; Training; Update; Vehicle crash; Work; associated symptom; base; cognitive control; computer science; design; expectation; imaging approach; improved; innovation; insight; neural patterning; neurofeedback; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; operation; relating to nervous system; success

PROJECT SUMMARY The overall objective of the current project is to understand how emotional thoughts can be removed from one's mind. Most psychiatric disorders are characterized by an inability to remove negative, intrusive, and maladaptive thoughts from mind. Previously examining whether an individual has purged a thought from mind has relied mainly on self-report measures (e.g., “Yes, I stopped thinking about the car crash”). In the proposed research, the research team will use a combination of brain imaging approaches with machine learning techniques drawn from computer science to provide an objective neural marker of whether indeed a thought has been removed from mind. This approach builds on proven success with this technique pioneered by the research team. This prior work focused on the removal of (emotionally neutral) information from mind and demonstrated that suppressing a specific thought and clearing one's mind of all thought rely on different neural mechanisms. Moreover, the prior findings indicated that these mental operations differentially affect one's ability to take in new information after the old information has been removed. The focus of the proposed project will be to examine how emotional information is removed from current thought. The project will ask three main questions. First, it will examine whether the emotional valence of information affects the engagement and effectiveness of neural systems involved in removing information from mind. A series of parallel studies, one involving neuroimaging and the other examining people's behavior, are designed to examine whether these removal operations are affected by a) the emotional valence (positive, negative) of the information to be removed, b) the emotional valence of the information that should now be brought to mind and c) the match (e.g., positive, positive) or mismatch (positive, negative) between the valence of the information being removed and that which replaces it. Expectations are that negative information will be harder to remove and easier to be brought into current thought than positive information. Second, the project will examine whether the effectiveness of these removal operations varies across individuals. It will assess the degree to which individuals report that they have difficulty controlling their thoughts, the degree to which they have symptoms related to depression and anxiety, and their ability to hold and manipulate information in working memory. Expectations are that individuals who report difficulty in controlling their thoughts will have difficulty in removing information from mind, and that people with higher levels of depression will have specific difficulties in removing negative thoughts. Third, the project will examine whether individuals can be trained, using real-time feedback about brain function during neuroimaging, to effectively remove thoughts from mind by providing them with a sense of what it feels like to successfully remove a thought. The results of the proposed project will have important implications both for understanding the recurrent and intrusive thoughts that characterize psychopathology and for providing insights on how they might be reduced.

项目摘要 当前项目的总体目标是了解如何将情绪化的想法从一个人的 主意了大多数精神疾病的特征是无法消除消极的，侵入性的和适应不良的 思想来自心灵。以前检查一个人是否已经从头脑中清除了一个想法， 主要是关于自我报告措施（例如，“是的，我不再去想车祸了”）。在拟议的研究中， 研究小组将使用脑成像方法与机器学习技术相结合， 来提供一个客观的神经标记，来判断一个想法是否真的被移除了 从脑海中。这种方法建立在研究团队开创的这种技术的成功基础上。这 先前的工作集中在从头脑中移除（情感中立的）信息，并证明， 抑制一个特定的想法和清除一个人头脑中的所有想法依赖于不同的神经机制。 此外，先前的研究结果表明，这些心理操作不同地影响一个人的接纳能力 旧信息被删除后的新信息。拟议项目的重点将是 研究情感信息是如何从当前思想中移除的。该项目将提出三个主要问题。 首先，它将研究信息的情感效价是否会影响参与和有效性。 神经系统参与从大脑中移除信息。一系列平行研究，其中一项涉及 神经成像和其他检查人们的行为，旨在检查这些删除是否 操作受到以下因素的影响：a）要删除的信息的情感效价（积极的，消极的），B） 现在应该想到的信息的情感效价和c）匹配（例如，积极的， 正的）或不匹配（正的，负的）之间的信息被删除的化合价和 预期负面信息将更难删除，更容易被带入 当前的想法比积极的信息。第二，该项目将审查这些措施的有效性， 清除行动因人而异。它将评估个人报告他们在多大程度上 难以控制他们的思想，他们有抑郁和焦虑症状的程度， 以及他们在工作记忆中保存和处理信息的能力。期望是那些 报告说，难以控制他们的思想将难以从头脑中删除信息， 抑郁程度较高的人在消除消极思想方面会有特殊的困难。三是 一个项目将研究是否可以通过使用大脑功能的实时反馈来训练个人， 神经成像，有效地消除思想，通过提供他们的感觉， 成功地消除了一个想法。拟议项目的结果将对以下两方面产生重要影响： 理解精神病理学特征的复发性和侵入性思想，并提供 关于如何减少它们的见解。