Prefrontal Mechanisms of Selection: Disrupted in Internalizing Psychopathology?

前额叶选择机制：内化精神病理学受到干扰？

• 批准号: 9273621
• 负责人: Marie T Banich
• 金额: $ 58.27万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-17 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9273621
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Anhedonia; Anxiety; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Caregivers; Clinical; Cognitive; Data; Decision Making; Development; Dimensions; Etiology; Evaluation; Glutamates; Goals; Individual; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Link; Measurement; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Neurotransmitters; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Performance; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention approach; Process; Psyche structure; Psychopathology; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Schools; Scientist; Sum; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Translating; Work; Youth; anxious; biobehavior; brain circuitry; clinically relevant; cognitive control; cognitive system; design; experience; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; innovation; multidisciplinary; multilevel analysis; neurochemistry; neuroimaging; prospective; public health relevance; response; social

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescence is an important developmental period characterized by rapid changes in multiple domains, including maturation of the brain's prefrontal cortex, increases in planning and cognitive control, and also a large increase in rates of anxiety and depression. Deficits in control and planning have been identified as a risk factor for mental illness, including depression and anxiety. One aspect of control that is understudied but likely affects risk for depression and anxiety, is the ability to quickly and efficiently selec among competing options when planning or working towards a goal. Such selection can be difficult for anyone, but is especially so for individuals with elevated levels of anxiety or depression, leading to problems in planning and decision-making. To date, these issues have primarily been studied in adults. However, it is important to understand how these abilities develop during adolescence because that is the developmental time period in which many aspects of mental illness first appear. The proposed research builds upon an innovative and integrative model of how such selection abilities are accomplished. It examines this issue at multiple units of analysis, linking a) neurochemistry of the brain, to b) activation of specific brin regions, to c) behavioral performance on tasks requiring selection to d) self-report of the ability to select amongst alternatives in daily life. This proposal brings together a multi-disciplinary team of scientists that articulated and tested the original model in adults (cognitive and developmental neuroscientists, and a physicist with expertise in brain imaging) with a clinical scientist with expertise in development of anxiety and depression during adolescence. The project leverages a highly retained sample of youth and their caregivers who have been prospectively followed for 5 years with extensive evaluation of psychopathology, but have not previously undergone neuroimaging or evaluation of planning or control. The project will test 144 youth (72 middle and 72 older adolescents) and 72 adults both at an initial time point and then two years later. This project aims to determine the development of biobehavioral mechanisms for selection in adolescence and adulthood (Aim 1), associations between selection mechanisms and anxiety and depression (Aim 2), and how these selection mechanisms over time may predict changes in psychopathology and/or vice versa (Aim 3). The proposed research will make a significant, innovative impact by providing information about important processes that develop during adolescence, and their relationship to the onset of mental illness. The data provided by the project will help break new ground and advance the field's understanding of developmental changes in the interplay of control and planning with mental health during the critical adolescent period.

 描述（由适用提供）：青少年是一个重要的发展期，其特征是多个领域的快速变化，包括大脑前额叶皮层的成熟，计划和认知控制的增加，以及焦虑和抑郁症的速度大大增加。控制和计划中的缺陷已被确定为精神疾病的危险因素，包括抑郁和焦虑。可以理解的控制的一个方面，但可能会影响抑郁和焦虑的风险，是在计划或努力实现目标时快速有效地选择竞争选择的能力。对于任何人来说，这种选择都可能很困难，但对于患有焦虑或抑郁水平升高的人来说尤其如此，导致计划和决策方面的问题。迄今为止，这些问题已经在成年人中研究了。但是，重要的是要了解这些能力在青少年期间如何发展，因为那是精神疾病首次出现许多方面的发育时期。拟议的研究以创新和综合的模型为基础，该模型是如何实现此类选择能力。它在分析的多个单位中检查了此问题，将a）a）脑神经化，b）激活特定的布林区域，c）c）在需要选择的任务上的行为绩效d）d）自我报告能力自我报告 在日常生活中选择替代方案。该提案汇集了一个多学科的科学家团队，该团队表达和测试了成人的原始模型（认知和发展中的神经科学家，以及具有脑成像专业知识的物理学家），并具有在青少年期间具有焦虑和抑郁症的专业知识的临床科学家。该项目利用了高度保留的青年及其护理人员样本，他们对精神病理学的广泛评估进行了5年的前瞻性，但以前没有在计划或控制的神经影像学或评估中进行。该项目将在最初的时间点和两年后测试144名青年（72名中年和72名年长的青少年）和72名成年人。该项目旨在确定青少年选择的生物行为机制的发展（AIM 1），选择机制与焦虑与抑郁症之间的关联（AIM 2），以及随着时间的推移这些选择机制如何预测精神病理学的变化，而/或vicea（AIM 3）。拟议的研究将通过提供有关青少年期间发展的重要过程及其与精神疾病发作的关系，从而产生重大，创新的影响。该项目提供的数据将有助于打破新的基础，并促进该领域对关键青少年时期控制和计划与心理健康相互作用的发展变化的理解。