Functional and Anatomical investigations of Domain-specific and Domain-General Alterations in Neural Systems underlying Math & Reading Difficulty

数学基础神经系统中特定领域和通用领域改变的功能和解剖学研究

• 批准号: 10686619
• 负责人: Marie T Banich
• 金额: $ 12.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10686619
• 关键词: 18 year old; Age; American; Anatomy; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Model; Brain; Brain region; Characteristics; Data; Data Set; Development; Diagnostic; Differential Diagnosis; Enrollment; European Union; Executive Dysfunction; Exhibits; Funding; Goals; Grant; Impairment; Individual; Inferior; Investigation; Language; Lateral; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Left; Link; Mathematics; Measures; Methods; Modality; Modeling; Monoclonal Antibody R24; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Occupations; Parietal; Participant; Performance; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Reading; Reading Disabilities; Rest; Route; Sampling; Scientist; Specificity; System; Testing; Time; Twin Multiple Birth; Work; base; cognitive performance; design; executive function; graph theory; high reward; high risk; intraparietal sulcus; mathematical ability; mathematical difficulties; mathematics disability; multimodality; neural model; neuroimaging; novel; processing speed; reading ability; reading difficulties; relating to nervous system; segregation

PROJECT SUMMARY PROJECT III: FUNCTIONAL AND ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF DOMAIN-SPECIFIC AND DOMAIN-GENERAL ALTERATIONS IN NEURAL SYSTEMS UNDERLYING MATH & READING DIFFICULTY The goal of this high-risk/high-reward project will be to investigate, using a new and novel perspective, the neural underpinnings of reading and math difficulties. In particular, in a novel theoretical conceptualization, this project links specific neural systems to specific behavioral characteristics exhibited by individuals with learning disabilities. The center within which this project is embedded focuses on three types of behaviors proposed to be altered in reading and math disability: processing speed, domain-specific processes that are needed to enable a given ability (e.g., word recognition for reading; numerical sense for math), and executive processes that aid in selecting and prioritizing specific information to support domain-specific processes. This project tests a model which posits that alterations of each of these three behaviors is associated with alterations in each of three specific aspects of neural function. The project will examine whether slowed processing speed, which is observed trans-diagnostically across reading and math disability, is associated with poorer overall integration and coordination of information across the brain. Brain organization will be assessed by state-of-the art methods. In one method drawn from graph theory, the brain is conceptualized as consisting as a set of nodes or regions, with the connections between them acting as a route for information flow (much like an airline network). The hypothesis to be tested argues that the first behavioral characteristic, slowed processing speed, will be associated with reduced efficiency of information flow through the brain. In the other method, the brain is divided into intrinsic connectivity networks, where brain regions whose activity co-varies together over time are grouped together (much as the world is composed of different alliances such as the European Union and North American Free Trade Association). From this perspective, it is proposed that in individuals with slowed processing speed, processing within these networks is not well insulated from one another. The project will also test the hypothesis that the second behavioral characteristic, domain-specific deficits (i.e., math difficulties, reading difficulties) are reflected in altered processing in brain regions critical to a given domain. In the case of reading, such critical areas include the language-related superior temporal/inferior parietal regions along with inferior frontal regions of the left hemisphere. For math, the critical region is the intraparietal sulcus. Finally, the project will test the hypothesis that those individuals with learning difficulty who also exhibit executive dysfunction, the third behavioral characteristic, will show alterations in function of lateral prefrontal regions, as well as disrupted connectivity of this region to posterior regions involved in domain-specific (e.g., math, reading) processing. So as to increase relevance for the identification and treatment of individuals with learning disability, an additional project goal will be to determine whether these neural markers can be used together with one another to predict the level of reading (or math) difficulties exhibited on an individual-by-individual basis. To meet these ambitious goals, the project brings together scientists with requisite areas of expertise.

项目摘要 项目三：特定领域的功能和解剖学声明 神经系统中的域一般变化 数学和阅读困难 这一高风险/高回报项目的目标将是使用一种新的和新颖的视角， 阅读和数学困难的神经基础。特别是，在一个新的理论概念，这 该项目将特定的神经系统与个人在学习中表现出的特定行为特征联系起来 残疾。本项目所嵌入的中心重点关注三种类型的行为， 在阅读和数学残疾方面有所改变：处理速度，需要特定领域的过程， 启用给定能力（例如，用于阅读的单词识别;用于数学的数字感）和执行过程 这有助于选择和优先考虑特定信息，以支持特定领域的流程。该项目测试 一个模型，假设这三种行为中的每一种的改变都与以下每一种行为的改变相关联： 神经功能的三个方面该项目将检查是否降低了处理速度， 对阅读和数学障碍进行跨诊断观察，与整体整合较差相关 以及大脑中信息的协调。大脑组织将通过最先进的技术进行评估 方法.在一种来自图论的方法中，大脑被概念化为由一组节点组成 或地区，它们之间的连接充当信息流的路线（很像航空公司 网络）。有待检验的假设认为，第一个行为特征，减缓的处理速度， 将与大脑中信息流的效率降低有关。在另一种方法中，大脑 分为内在的连接网络，大脑区域的活动随着时间的推移而共同变化 被组合在一起（就像世界是由不同的联盟组成的，如欧盟和 北美自由贸易联盟）。从这个角度来看，有人提出，在个人与减缓 处理速度，这些网络内的处理彼此之间没有很好的隔离。该项目将 还检验了第二行为特征，领域特异性缺陷（即，数学困难， 阅读困难）反映在对给定领域至关重要的大脑区域的改变的处理中。的情况下 在阅读中，这些关键区域包括与语言相关的上级颞叶/顶叶下区沿着， 左半球的下额叶区域。对于数学来说，关键区域是顶内沟。最后， 该项目将测试的假设，即那些有学习困难的人谁也表现出执行 功能障碍，第三个行为特征，将显示外侧前额叶区域功能的改变， 以及该区域与涉及结构域特异性的后部区域的中断连接（例如，数学， 阅读）处理。以便增加对有学习能力的个人的识别和治疗的相关性 残疾，一个额外的项目目标将是确定这些神经标志物是否可以一起使用 来预测一个人一个人的阅读（或数学）困难程度 基础为了实现这些雄心勃勃的目标，该项目汇集了具有必要专业领域的科学家。