An Examination of Firearm Violence Crises using Crisis Text Line Data: Filling a Critical Gap

项目总结/摘要 枪支暴力在美国的流行表明需要继续研究 枪支暴力的背景因素。2018年，近4万美国人被杀 （39，740人，平均每天109人），自杀死亡人数最多 枪支暴力（61.5%）。大量的研究集中在 受枪支暴力影响和受伤前风险过大的弱势群体， 在社会经济发展的不同层面上与枪支暴力有关的保护因素 模型尽管如此，仍然迫切需要立即获得更多关于危机时刻的信息 在枪支暴力行为之前拟议项目将满足目标1：研究， 帮助为创新和有前途的机会的发展提供信息， 安全和防止与枪支有关的伤害，死亡和犯罪。我们将完成 对来自Crisis Text Line（CTL）的文本数据进行二级数据分析，CTL是一个非营利组织， 在任何危机期间，通过短信（使用 资助方案A，以支持依赖现有数据的研究项目， 支持开展预防活动）。CTL的实时数据集包括超过 1.41亿条短信发送者和危机咨询师之间的信息，其中许多信息是 与枪支暴力有关，最常见的是即将发生的自杀行为，家庭暴力， 大规模枪击这项工作将使用创新的方法来审查文本 与多种类型的枪支暴力相关的对话。更具体地说，这项研究 议程包括四个目标，将（1）使用内容分析，以研究如何短信启动， 继续进行与枪支暴力有关的对话;（2）比较与枪支危机有关的文本 与非枪支危机有关的活动，包括确定人口概况， 发短信者的位置和他们获得危机支持的营销渠道，（3）识别 不同类型枪支危机的可改变和不可改变的风险和保护因素 相对于非枪支危机，包括枪支供应，拥有枪支的动机， 拥有、获取、使用、安全储存做法、不良童年经历、共同 发生物质使用，社会孤立，缺乏获得护理;（4）跟踪各种 在冠状病毒大流行之前和之后的枪支文本类型，并考虑如何大流行- 具体的焦虑正在影响文本。这项研究的结果有可能推动 在制定预防方案和实现 减少枪支暴力和共同发生的行为。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The prevalence of firearm violence in the United States indicates a need for continued research into the contextual factors of firearm violence. In 2018, almost 40,000 Americans were killed with firearms (39,740, an average of 109 per day), with suicide deaths representing the largest portion of firearm violence (61.5%). A considerable amount of research has focused on vulnerable populations disproportionately affected by firearm violence and on pre-injury risk and protective factors associated with firearm violence at varying levels of the social economic model. Still, there is a critical need for more information on the moment of crisis immediately before the act of firearm violence. The proposed project will meet Objective 1: Research to help inform the development of innovative and promising opportunities to enhance safety and prevent firearm-related injuries, deaths, and crime. We will complete a secondary data analysis of text data from Crisis Text Line (CTL), a nonprofit organization that provides free, around-the-clock support to anyone during any crisis via text message (using Funding Option A to support research projects that rely on existing data and do not support implementation of prevention activities). CTL’s real-time dataset includes more than 141 million messages between texters and crisis counselors, and many of the messages are related to firearm violence—most often to impending acts of suicide, domestic violence, and mass shootings. This work will use innovative methodological approaches to examine text conversations related to multiple types of firearm violence. More specifically, the research agenda includes four aims that will (1) use content analysis to examine how texters initiate and continue conversations related to firearm violence; (2) compare texts related to firearm crises with those related to non-firearm crises, including determining demographic profiles and locations of texters and the marketing channels by which they access crisis support, (3) identify modifiable and non-modifiable risk and protective factors for different types of firearm crises relative to those of non-firearm crises, including gun availability, motivations for gun ownership, possession, acquisition, use, safe storage practices, adverse childhood experience, co- occurring substance use, social isolation, and lack of access to care; and (4) track the various types of firearm texts before and after the coronavirus pandemic and consider how pandemic- specific anxieties are affecting the texts. Findings from this study have the potential to move the field toward a data-informed approach to developing prevention programming and achieving population-level reductions in firearm violence and co-occurring behaviors.