Aerobic Exercise, Diet and Cholesterol: A Meta-Analysis

血脂和脂蛋白水平低于最佳水平是心血管疾病的主要风险因素 发病率和死亡率。有氧运动和谨慎的饮食，定义为低热量的饮食 饱和/反式脂肪和胆固醇和/或高纤维被推荐用于改善 成人的脂类和脂蛋白水平。不幸的是，随机对照试验 调查了这些低成本生活方式改变的综合影响，导致不到 压倒性的结果，而对这一专题的叙述性审查导致了相互矛盾的结论。 因此，影响的总体大小和方向以及它们之间的关系 受试者、饮食和培训计划的特点等变量以及它们对 血脂和脂蛋白的变化尚不清楚。Meta分析，最高形式之一的 决策证据，是一种汇集独立研究结果的方法。这是一个 提高主要终点统计能力的定量方法，解决 研究不一致时的不确定性，改善对治疗效果的估计，并回答 在个别审判开始时没有提出的问题。到目前为止，还没有研究从数量上 综合(荟萃分析)现有文献中有关以下因素的综合影响 有氧运动和谨慎饮食对成人血脂和脂蛋白水平的影响。因此， 这个拟议的为期两年的项目的具体目标是使用元分析方法来(1) 确定有氧运动的总体效果以及低饱和/反式脂肪和 胆固醇和/或高纤维对成人脂质和脂蛋白结果的影响，以及(2)确定 所选特征与脂类和脂蛋白变化的关系 有氧运动和低饱和/反式脂肪和胆固醇和/或高胆固醇的饮食 成人体内的纤维。该项目的成果将提供坚实的科学基础， 将首次提出基于元分析方法的量化建议 关于有氧运动和谨慎饮食对血脂和脂蛋白的联合影响 在成年人身上。这一点很重要，因为卫生和人类事务部的主要目标之一 服务是为了增加健康生活的质量和年数。

Less than optimal lipid and lipoprotein levels are a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Aerobic exercise and a prudent diet, defined as a diet that is low in saturated/trans fat and cholesterol and/or high in fiber have been recommended for improving lipid and lipoprotein levels in adults. Unfortunately, randomized controlled trials that have examined the combined effects of these low-cost lifestyle changes have led to less than overwhelming results while narrative reviews on this topic have led to conflicting conclusions. Consequently, the overall magnitude and direction of effect, as well as the relationships among such variables as subject, diet, and training program characteristics and how they contribute to changes in lipids and lipoproteins, are not clear. Meta-analysis, one of the highest forms of evidence for decision-making, is a method of pooling the results of separate studies. It is a quantitative approach for increasing statistical power of primary end points, resolving uncertainty when studies disagree, improving estimates of treatment effect, and answering questions not posed at the start of individual trials. To date, no study has quantitatively synthesized (meta-analyzed) the existing literature in relation to the combined effects of aerobic exercise and a prudent diet on lipid and lipoprotein levels in adults. Therefore, the specific aims of this proposed two-year project are to use the meta-analytic approach to (1) determine the overall effects of aerobic exercise and a diet that is low in saturated/trans fat and cholesterol and/or high in fiber on lipid and lipoprotein outcomes in adults, and (2) identify the relationship between selected characteristics and changes in lipids and lipoproteins as a result of aerobic exercise and a diet that is low in saturated/trans fat and cholesterol and/or high in fiber in adults. The results of this project will provide a solid scientific foundation from which first-time quantitative recommendations, based on the meta-analytic approach, will be made regarding the combined effects of aerobic exercise and a prudent diet on lipids and lipoproteins in adults. This is important since one of the major goals of the Department of Health and Human Services is to increase the quality and years of healthy life.