Étude sur l'implantation des cultures de sorgho sucré pour la production d'éthanol génération 1.5

按年计算，加拿大的汽油消费量平均为40BL，多年来，该国已经制定了一项规定，要求乙醇的添加量至少为5%（vol）。在全国范围内，这样的数量相当于每年2BL乙醇，其中450ML应仅用于曲海梅省的消费。该项目的合作伙伴，位于瓦雷纳（Qc）的格林菲尔德全球酿酒厂，是该省唯一的大规模乙醇生产商，每年生产近200毫升燃料级乙醇。因此，达到联邦规定所需的剩余数量仍然不足，必须进口。为了解决这一问题，科威特政府最近实施了退税，以促进第一代（淀粉基）和第二代（纤维素基）燃料的生产。然而，在后一种情况下，这些技术还没有准备好在工业规模上运行，第一代乙醇仍然是生产大量乙醇的唯一经济选择。为了缩小现有技术和新兴技术之间的重要差距，已经提出了第1.5代乙醇的概念：使用生产糖的作物，通常不被用作普通人类食物供应，目标是使用“游离”糖（易于提取）与结构糖（如构成纤维素和半纤维素的糖）相结合。这种方法将通过使用第一代和更容易获得的糖来稀释第二代糖的成本，从而缓解已知技术和新兴技术之间的过渡。在这个项目中，第一个目标将致力于寻找经济的方法来延长高粱的保存时间，从而增加酿酒厂的饲养周期。该项目的第二个目标将是针对简单提取技术的影响，以验证这些技术是否比先前由舍布鲁克大学团队及其工业合作者研究的蒸汽处理技术更具成本效益。

On an annual basis, the gasoline consumption in Canada averages 40BL and the country has, for now many years now, established a mandate requiring that ethanol be added to this volume at a minimal 5%(vol). On a countrywide basis, such volumes correspond to 2BL of ethanol per year from which 450ML should be used for consumption only in the Province of Québec. The partner of this project, the GreenField Global distillery located un Varennes (Qc), is the only large-scale producer of ethanol in the Province and produces close to 200ML fuel-grade ethanol yearly. Thus, the residual volume required to reach the federal mandate is still missing and has to be imported. In order to solve this problem, the Québec Government has recently implemented tax returns to promote the production of first (starch-based) and second (cellulose-based) generation fuels. In the latter case however, the technologies are not yet ready to operate at industrial scale and first-generation ethanol remains the only economical option to produce large volumes of ethanol. In order to reduce the important gap between existing and emerging technologies, the concept of Ethanol Gen 1.5 has been put forward: using crops that produce sugars and that are not generally used as a common human food supply, the objective is to use "free" sugars (easily extractible) combined with structural sugars such as the ones composing cellulose and hemicellulose. Such an approach would ease the transition between known and emerging technologies by diluting the cost of second generation sugars using first generation and more accessible sugars. In this project, the first objective will be dedicated to finding economical means of allowing the conservation of sorghum on longer periods, thus producing an increased feeding period to the distilleries. The second objective of this project will be targeting the impact of simple extraction technologies in order to verify if such techniques could be more cost-efficient than the steam treatment technique that was previously investigated by the Université de Sherbrooke team and its industrial collaborators.