Dissertation Research: Household and Community Organizationof a Formative Period Bolivian Settlement

在Marc Bermann博士的指导下，MS Courtney Rose将为她的博士论文收集数据。她将在位于玻利维亚高地拉霍亚地区的拉巴萨考古遗址进行地面调查和挖掘。该遗址可以追溯到万卡拉尼时期（公元前1500年-公元400年），由一个高约6米，直径约90米的土墩组成。建筑结构和特征可以追溯到占领的最后阶段，似乎没有受到干扰，仍然可以在场地的表面上看到。因此，它们可以在不深挖掘的情况下暴露。玻利维亚高地的文化史反映了一个发生在世界许多地方的过程。在古代，人们以小群体生活，以狩猎和采集为生。在万卡拉尼时代，一种更加定居的乡村生活方式，以农业和羊驼畜牧业为基础。罗斯女士希望了解伴随这种生存变化的社会过程的本质。猎人和采集者都是平等主义者。它们分享食物，不在家庭内部聚集，并表现出一种公共的组织模式。在安第斯地区的考古工作的基础上，似乎更大的变化特征是后来的农学家和牧民。聚落组织和物质遗迹的分布表明，一些文化保持了这种公共模式，而另一些文化则出现了以家庭和血统为基础的系统。在这种情况下，个体社会单位储存食物，很少参与家庭以外的分享。考古学家一直在寻找更深层次的模式来解释这种差异，并将重点放在食物资源的分布、可变性和可预测性方面的差异上。罗斯女士将在玻利维亚高原环境中解决这个问题。她将对拉巴萨进行地面调查，并在此基础上选择进行大规模挖掘的单位。她将重建村庄平面图，绘制储存设施地图，以确定这些设施是否存在于社区或家庭环境中，并检查材料遗骸的分布情况。在这些基础上，社会和经济重建应该是可能的。这项研究很重要，因为它将揭示伴随新石器时代革命和定居村庄生活方式发展的社会进程。它将为安第斯山脉一个相对未知的时期提供重要的数据，并将帮助培训一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Marc Bermann, MS Courtney Rose will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. She will conduct surface survey and excavation at the archaeological site of La Barca which is located in the La Joya region of highland Bolivia. The site dates to the Wankarani period (1500 BC - Ad 400) and consists of a mound approximately 6 meters high and 90 meters in diameter. Architectural structures and features dating from the final phase of occupation appear undisturbed and remain visible on the surface of the site. Thus they can be exposed without deep excavation. The culture history of highland Bolivia reflects a process which occurred in many parts of the world. During the Archaic period people lived in small groups and subsisted by hunting and gathering. In Wankarani times a more settled village way of life, based on agriculture and llama pastoralism developed. MS Rose wishes to understand the nature of the social process which accompanied this subsistence change. Hunters and gathers are egalitarian. They share food, do not horde within the family and exhibit a communal mode of organization. On the basis of archaeological work in the Andean region, it appears that greater variability characterized the succeeding agriculturists and pastoralists. Settlement organization and the distribution of material remains indicate that some cultures maintained this communal mode while in others a family and lineage based system appeared. Under this individual social units stored food and engaged in relatively little sharing beyond the family. Archaeologists have looked for a deeper pattern to explain this variability and have focused on differences in the distribution, variability and predictability in food resources. MS Rose will address this question in the highland Bolivian environment. She will conduct a surface survey of La Barca and on this basis select units for broad scale excavation. She will reconstruct the village plan, map storage facilities to determine if these occur in communal or family contexts and examine the distribution of material remains. On these bases social and economic reconstruction should be possible. This research is important because it will shed new light on the social processes which accompanied the Neolithic Revolution and the development of a settled village way of life. It will provide important data for a relatively unknown period in the Andes and it will assist in training a promising young scientist.