Pottery traditions as a mirror of social structures of the 5th and 4th millennium BC in northern Central Europe

几十年来，从狩猎采集文化的过渡到农业社会和巩固在新石器时代在北方中欧是解决方案研究的优先事项之一。主要问题通常涉及不同形式的漏斗烧杯文化的定居点，坟墓和仪式场所之间的结构联系，最近在DFG SPP纪念碑和社会分化中。在这项研究中，它已被证实，自然科学分析的陶器发现，除了排印年代学研究，可以大大有助于获得新的见解，在这个时期的微观区域内的社会组织。根据对制陶所用原材料的分析进行的几项试点研究显示了地方网络是如何建立的，并提供了关于定居点之间相互作用的存在和程度的信息。此外，还可以对纪念碑的空间参与进行陈述。此外，非本地生产的外国船只可用于接收跨区域通信连接的重要指示。陶器分析的另一个巨大潜力是可以描述连续文化之间的过渡，例如Ertebølle文化和早期漏斗烧杯文化的陶瓷阶段。因此，它们提供了独立、可靠的信息，这些信息也应该包括在对人类和动物骨骼遗骸的aDNA研究的解释中。在这方面，拟议的项目打算对来自荷兰、丹麦群岛和奥得河地区之间七个小地区的定居点、纪念碑和平坟墓地的陶器库存进行详细的比较分析。连同已经进行的SPP纪念碑的调查，微区域覆盖了漏斗烧杯文化分布区的大部分。我们只选择了在过去几十年中对中石器时代晚期到漏斗烧杯文化的过渡或漏斗烧杯文化本身进行了深入研究的地区，因此这些地区已经为全面评估所获得的陶器数据提供了最佳条件。例如，可以参考景观重建，许多14 C-测年和个别地区的类型学陶器研究，并使用这些数据来解释新取得的成果。在此背景下，可以预期，该项目将对公元前第五和第四千年期间中欧北方的空间利用和社会组织的重建作出重大贡献。

For several decades, the transition from hunter-gatherer cultures to agrarian societies and their consolidation during the Neolithic in northern Central Europe is one of the priorities within the settlement research. The main question often concerns the structural connections between settlements, tombs and ritual sites of the Funnel Beaker Culture in its different forms, most recently within the DFG SPP Monumentality and Social Differentiation. In this research, it has been confirmed that natural scientific analyses of pottery finds, in addition to typochronological studies, can highly contribute to gain new insights into the social organization within micro-regions of this period. Several pilot studies based on the analysis of the raw materials used for making pottery have shown how local networks were constructed and provided information about the existence and extent of interactions among settlements. In addition, it is also possible to make statements about the spatial involvement of monuments. Furthermore, non-locally produced, foreign vessels can be used to receive important indications of supra-regional communication connections. Another great potential of pottery analyses is the possibility to characterize the transition between successive cultures, such as the ceramic phase of the Ertebølle Culture and the early Funnel Beaker Culture. Thus, they provide independent, reliable information which should also be included in the interpretation of aDNA studies on human and animal skeletal remains. In this regard, the proposed project intends to make detailed and comparative analyses of pottery inventories from settlements, monuments and flat grave cemeteries from seven micro-regions, which are located between the Netherlands, the Danish islands and the Oder region. Together with the already conducted investigations of the SPP Monumentality the micro-regions cover large parts of the distribution area of the Funnel Beaker Culture. Only regions were selected in which intensive research activities on the transition from the late Mesolithic to the Funnel Beaker Culture or on the Funnel Beaker Culture itself have taken place during the last decades, so that these regions already offer optimal conditions for a holistic evaluation of the obtained pottery data. For example, it is possible to refer to landscape reconstructions, numerous 14C-datings and typological pottery studies for the individual regions and to use these data for the interpretation of the newly achieved results. Against this background, it can be expected, that the project will make a substantial contribution to the reconstruction of space utilization and social organization during the 5th and 4th millennium BC in northern Central Europe.