Development of a simulation game of global environment conservation as a new curriculum of environmental education.

本研究的目的是开发一个教育游戏模拟，在其中建立一个模拟的环境，简化现实中在可持续发展和环境保护问题上的国际冲突与合作，主要研究结果如下：为设计全球环境保护模拟游戏的概念做了基础研究。我们通过实地调查和假设实验的各种方法，澄清了环境问题上共同利益和个人利益之间的社会困境的基本结构(HiRose，1995b)。我们还分析了环境意识行为的决定因素(HiRose，1994)。我们开发了一个全球环境保护的模拟游戏，其中包括环境污染、饥饿和恐怖主义问题。PlayRS的目标是了解出现的问题，并为南北之间的经济和环境问题找到解决方案。最初的版本游戏由大约40名大学生玩，他们被分成两个北方地区和两个南方地区。包括赛后讨论在内，我们花了8个小时完成了所有的会议。我们还制作了一个短版游戏，其中20名学生可以玩3个小时。为了评估这些游戏作为教育和研究方法的有效性，我们分析了关于小组间谈判和集体行动净化环境的游戏结果(Lwin&HiRose，1996a)。

The purpose of this study was to develop an educational game-simulation, in which a simulated environment was set up simplifying the real international conflict and cooperation on the issues of sustainable development and environment conservation.Main results were as follows.We did basic studies for designing concepts of an simulation game of global environment conservation. We clarified the basic structure of social dilemma between common intersts and individual interests in environmental issues by using various methods of field surveys and as-if experiments (Hirose, 1995b). We also analyzed determinants of environmental conscious behaviors (Hirose, 1994).We developed a simulation game of global environment conservation, which included the issues of environment pollution, starvation, and terrorism. Playrs' goal is to understand the donflicts that arise and to find solutions of both economical and environmental problems between the North and the South.The original version game were playd by about 40 college students, who were assigned into 2 north regions and 2 south regions. It took us 8 hours to finish all the session including after-game discussion. We also made a short version game, in which 20 students could play for 3 hours.In order to evaluate the validity of these game as educational and research methods, we analyzed the game results concerning intergroup negotiation and collective actions for purifying the environment (Lwin & Hirose, 1996a).