Genetical studies on the Response Mechanisms of Crops to Environmental Changes of Temperature

从遗传性状表达的角度出发，从群体、个体和植物代谢水平研究了作物对温度环境变化的响应。在群体水平研究中，从植物营养状况对环境效应的响应角度出发，利用计算机图像分析技术诊断了植物形态和颜色的变化。在个体水平研究中，在几个生长阶段研究了植物对温度反应的几个特征。水稻离体胚根在液体培养基中培养，从品种比较的角度看，它们对温度的反应与单株非常相似。我们可以分离出几个对环境温度反应能力不同的人工突变体。在这些突变体中，由于日本东北地区的冷害需要在减数分裂期进行筛选，因此，我们将注意力集中在具有不同抗冷性的突变体上。 ...更多信息 从植物发育程序基因表达的角度，指出水稻营养生长期存在着从幼年期到成年期的阶段性转变，并阐明了温度对这一阶段性转变的影响。水稻花粉离体培养的发育受温度的影响很大，不同基因型对温度的反应能力不同，在代谢水平上对温度反应的研究中，对大麦的抗寒性进行了研究，指出叶片中甜菜碱的积累与大麦的抗寒性密切相关。本研究成功克隆了水稻花药特异基因和花芽特异基因。和芸苔（Brassica campestris L.），分别植物花器官发育过程中的温度反应研究正在进行中。为了获得转基因植株，还对B.campestris的转化体系进行了研究。可从中筛选出再生能力强、对抗生素抗性强的优良菌株。少

Response of crops to the environmental changes of temperature was studied at the levels of population, individual and metabolism of plants in view of genetical character expression.In the studies at population level, changes of shape and color of plants were diagnosed by computer image analysis in view of plant nutritional conditions responding to environmental effect.In the individual level studies, several features of the response to temperature were investigated on the plants at several growth stages. The excised radicles of rice plant were cultured in a liquid medium,and their responses to temperature were very similar to that of individual plants in view of varietal comparison. We could isolate several artificial mutants that had different ability of response to environmental temperature. Of these mutants, we are now concentrating our attention to the mutants which has different chilling resistance at meiotic stange, because the chilling damage in the Tohoku district in Japan nece … More ssitates the strong chilling resistant varieties.Furthermore, we could point out the existence of phasic transition from juvenile to adult during vegetative growing stage in rice in view of gene expression of developmental program of plant, and the effect of temperature to the phasic transition was illustrated. The development of rice pollen in vitro culture is affected by temperature profoundly, and the response ability differed among genotypes.In the studies on the temperature response at the metabolic level, could resistance of barley was investigated and it was pointed out that accumulation of glycinebetaine in leaves related closely to the resistance to cold. We could clone several anther specific genes and flower bud specific genes from Oryza sativa L. and Brassica campestris L., respectively. Investigations on the temperature response of plant in the development of flower organs are in progress. Transformation system in B.campestris was also studied to obtain transgenic plants. We could select promisable strains which had high regeneration ability and strong resistance to antibiotics. Less