Recent trends of the educational assistance policy at the time of economic recession.

本研究旨在探讨经济衰退时期教育援助政策的最新趋势。本研究采用文献分析法和数据分析法。利用经合发组织/发援会、教科文组织、开发计划署等主要国际援助机构发表的文件，分析了这些机构的讨论。教育援助正从高等教育和职业技术教育向初等教育转移，但许多机构难以找到发展中国家基础教育的有效援助对象。作为数据分析，对捐助国进行了聚类分析，根据每一主要用途的官方发展援助份额将它们分成若干类。它发现了两个主要集群，其中一个像日本一样强调经济基础设施和生产援助。意大利，而另一个集群则强调社会基础设施，如法国、澳大利亚等。还对170个受援国按其接受官方发展援助的形式进行了同样的聚类分析。结果表明：(1)以一国为主导的受援国，其官方发展援助几乎100%来自一个特定的捐助国；(2)多捐助国援助的受援国，其官方发展援助不是来自一个主要捐助国，而是来自许多捐助国；(3)已经从受援国毕业的偿还国，现在正在偿还以前借出的官方发展援助。

This research project investigates recent trends of the educational assistance policy in the time of economic recession. The method of this research are literature analysis, and data analysis. Discussions at major international assistance agencies like OECD/DAC,UNESCO,UNDP,are analyzed, using documents published from these agencies. Educational assistance is now shifting from the higher education, and vocational/technical education toward the primary education, but many agencies face difficulty of finding any effective assistance target to develop the basic education in developing countries.As the data analysis, the cluster analysis of donor countries was carried out to breaking down them into several cluster according to the share of ODA of each major purpose. It found out two major clusters, one of them emphasizes the economic infrastructure and production assistance like Japan. Italy, while another cluster emphasizes the social infrastructure like France, Australia and so on.Also the same cluster analysis was undertaken to 170 recipient countries according to form what countries they receive ODA.The result shows that there are (1) one-country-dominated recipient countries where almost 100 % of ODA come from a particular donor country, (2) multi-donors assisted recipient countries, which receive ODA not from one dominant donor country but from many donor countries, (3) pay-back countries which have already graduated from recipient countries and are now paying back ODA lent in previous time.