Development of effective reclamation and circulation system of agricultural biomass

该堆肥机是以生物制品为主要原料，经堆肥机堆肥制成的。以春小麦和小豆为试材，研究了堆肥对作物生长发育和产量的影响。1997年，分两次(播前2周和播种当天)和4种不同施肥量(0、2、4、8 kg/m_2)进行堆肥试验。与常规施肥相比，小麦的产量与播种当天基本持平，播前2周增产约14%。堆肥用量的影响很小。小豆产量除S割叶当天施肥量为8 kg/m_2外，其余均优于常规施肥法。从前期试验结果看，1998年红小豆播种前2周粘粒施肥量分别为4 kg/m_2和8 kg/m_2。与常规施肥相比，8 kg施肥量小麦有减产趋势，4 kg施肥量增产5%，小豆产量较1997年有较大幅度的下降。堆肥影响土壤表层以下15 cm的滞留，土壤pH、EC和ATP含量(微生物数量指标)，但不影响土壤结构。15 cm土层土壤温度始终比对照高1~2ﾟC。从本试验结果看，适时适量施用堆肥有望提高土壤和肥料的持水量和温度。但对小麦和豆类的影响程度不同。对于豆科植物，大量施用会产生较高的pH值和过多的氮素，并抑制萌发和根瘤活动。

The compst was made from bio-product mainly garbage by composting machine. The effects of compost application on crop growth and yield were investigated in spring wheat and adzuki bean. In 1997, the composts were applied in two different times (2 wks before seeding and on the day of seeding) and four different amounts(0,2,4, and 8kg/m_2). In comparison with the conventional fertilizer application, the yields of wheat were about the same as that of applied on the day of seeding and about 14% increase in 2 wks before seeding. The effects of the amount of compost was rather small. On the other hand the yields of adzuki bean were better than that of conventional fertilization except 8 kg/ m_2 application on the day of s ceding which damaged the emergency.In 1998, from the results of preceding experiment, 4 and 8 kg/m_2 were applied on the clay of 2 wks before seeding. In comparison with the conventional fertilization, the yields of wheat tend to decrease in 8 kg application and 4 kg application showed 5 % increase, And the yield of adzuki bean showed decrease quite difference from that of 1997.In 1998, soil experiment were done. The application of compost affected water retantion in 15 cm below surface, and the soil pH,EC and ATP contents ( a index of the amount of microorganisms) but do not affect soil structure . The soil temperature in depth of 15cm was always higher 1-2ﾟC than control.From the results of this experiment, the compost applications on timely and proper quantities expect to increase water retantion and temperature of soil and fertilizer. But the degree of effect was different from wheat to bean. For legumes, a large application gives high pH and too much nitrogen, and inhibites the germination and the nodule activity.