Factors Influencing Utilization Deficiencies in Children`s Memory Performance

在过去的三十年里，儿童记忆策略的发展受到了广泛的研究。尽管数据基础似乎很丰富，但对于战略发展的自然过程仍存在争议。该领域的经典研究强调了“生产缺陷”的重要性，即幼儿未能自发地产生他们可用的策略，当提示时，会导致任务表现的改善。最近的研究表明了所谓的“利用缺陷”的相关性，即幼儿自发地使用一种策略，而在任务表现上几乎没有或没有相应的改善。我们的项目致力于分析影响幼儿利用缺陷的因素，并澄清生产缺陷与利用缺陷之间的关系。设计了两个实验，旨在克服与利用不足的概念有关的争议。他们测试的假设，即利用缺陷的排序回忆记忆任务将受到影响的儿童的年龄，任务的难度，以及用于推断利用缺陷的策略或策略。

Children´s memory strategy development has been intensively investigated during the past three decades. Although the date base seems rich, there is still debate about the natural course of strategy development. Classic studies in the field have emphasized the importance of "production deficiencies", that is, young children´s failure to produce spontaneously a strategy they have available, which, when prompted, leads to improved task performance. More recent work has illustrated the relevance of so-called "utilization deficiencies", that is, young children´s spontaneous use of a strategy with little or no corresponding improvement in task performance. Our project is devoted to the analysis of factors influencing young children´s utilization deficiencies and the clarification of relationships between production deficiencies on the one hand and utilization deficiencies on the other hand. Two experiments were designed that aim at overcoming the controversies related to the utilization deficiency concept. They test the assumption that utilization deficiencies on sort-recall memory tasks will be influenced by the age of the children, the difficulty of the task, and the strategy or strategies that are used to infer a utilization deficiency.