UTILITY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF BOTULINUM TOXIN FOR INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT DISORDERS

小剂量肉毒杆菌毒素直接注射到肌肉粘合剂中 到神经肌肉接头并使其失活大约 三个月。这种疗法已被证明对 斜视和眼睑痉挛，但还没有完全恢复 对其作用机制的理解。 肉毒杆菌毒素的用途研究已在#年进行。 痉挛性发音困难和作家痉挛(及其变体，如 钢琴家抽筋)。治疗似乎在两种情况下都有效 痉挛性发音困难的双盲试验已经开始。 已经开展了行动模式的生理学研究 痉挛性发音困难、作家痉挛、眼睑痉挛和 面肌痉挛。这些研究表明，病毒的主要作用 肉毒杆菌毒素是用来削弱痉挛的肌肉的。 作家痉挛、眼睑痉挛和眼球痉挛的肌电研究 半面部痉挛表明痉挛仍在继续，但肌肉痉挛 效果不佳。没有发现其他生理上的变化。在……里面 痉挛性发音困难，在生理上有一些变化 包括减少未注射肌肉的痉挛。

Botulinum toxin injected in small doses directly into muscle binds to the neuromuscular junction and inactivates it for approximately 3 months. This treatment has been demonstrated to be useful for strabismus and blepharospasm, but there has not been a complete understanding of its mechanism of action. Studies of utility of botulinum toxin have been carried out in spasmotic dysphonia and writer's cramp (and its varients such as pianist's cramp). Treatment appeared effective in both and a double-blind trial has been started for spasmotic dysphonia. Studies of physiology of the mode of action have been carried out in spasmotic dysphonia, writer's cramp, blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. These studies show that the major effect of botulinum toxin is to weaken the muscle that is in spasm. Electromyogram (EMG) studies in writer's cramp, blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm show that spasms continue, but muscles are ineffective. No other changes in physiology were identified. In spasmotic dysphonia, there were a number of changes in physiology including reduction in spasms in non-injected muscles.