Graphene Nanostructures as a New Platform for Ultrasensitive Multiplexed Biologic

描述（由申请人提供） 摘要：石墨烯纳米结构作为超灵敏多路生物传感器的新平台摘要化学和生物物种的检测和定量是基础生物研究和医学诊断的核心。目前的检测方法通常需要复杂的样品制备/扩增程序，并且需要大量的时间来检测、鉴定和表征生物靶标。ChemFET的概念（其中晶体管的电导由化学或生物分子的存在产生的电场调制）提供了无标记直接电检测的潜力，但受到低灵敏度的限制。在这里，我建议利用一种新发现的材料（石墨烯，石墨烯纳米颗粒或石墨烯纳米网）作为ChemFET，直接将特定的分子结合事件转化为电信号，用于生物物种的高灵敏度，选择性和无标记检测。将进行系统的研究，以创建具有可调带隙和电子特性的石墨烯纳米结构和纳米器件，以开发用于特定受体的生物缀合和不需要的活性位点的钝化的通用连接化学，并集成用于多重检测多种分析物的大型纳米传感器阵列。高迁移率、原子级薄的石墨烯纳米结构的使用确保了常规材料无法获得的卓越灵敏度，因此能够实现新一代超灵敏纳米传感器。极端的灵敏度和快速的时间响应也可以实现全新的感测方案，例如随机传感器。超灵敏多路纳米传感器的发展可以为高度并行检测来自各种体液的蛋白质、核酸、病毒和其他生物物种而无需复杂的纯化/扩增过程打开许多令人兴奋的机会，并且能够实现快速、高保真、低成本的诊断。大量不同传感器的高通量监测器可以产生大量数据来破译复杂的信号差异，并识别区分患有某些疾病的患者和健康人的精细分子指纹，因此有助于疾病指纹系统和个性化医疗的发展。 公共卫生相关性：化学和生物物种的检测和量化对于基础生物研究和医学诊断至关重要。该项目的中心目标是开发一种通用平台技术，使用原子级薄的石墨烯纳米结构（例如石墨烯和石墨烯纳米颗粒或石墨烯纳米网）将特定的分子结合事件直接转化为电信号，并创建多路复用生物纳米传感器，用于高度并行，灵敏和选择性地检测蛋白质，核酸，病毒和其他生物物种。所提出的感测方法有可能实现新一代的护理点诊断工具，其具有优于传统检测方案的多个优点，包括前所未有的灵敏度、无标记检测、真实的时间电数据读出和低成本检测仪器。

DESCRIPTION (Provided by the applicant) Abstract: Graphene Nanostructures as a New Platform for Ultrasensitive Multiplexed Biological Sensors Abstract The detection and quantification of chemical and biological species are central to fundamental biological research and medical diagnostics. The current detection methods often require complicated sample preparation/amplification procedure, and take significant time to detect, identify and characterize biological targets. The concept of ChemFET, in which the conductance of a transistor is modulated by the electric field generated by the presence of chemical or biological molecules, offers the potential for label- free direct electrical detection, but is limited by low sensitivity. Here I propose to exploit a newly discovered material (graphene, graphene nanoribbon or graphene nanomesh) as ChemFET to directly transduce specific molecular binding events into electrical signals for highly sensitive, selective and label-free detection of biological species. Systematic studies will be conducted to create graphene nanostructures and nanodevices with tunable band gap and electronic properties, to develop generic linkage chemistry for bioconjugation of specific receptors and passivation of undesired active sites, and to integrate large arrays of nanosensors for multiplexed detection of multiple analytes. The use of high mobility, atomically thin graphene nanostructures ensures exceptional sensitivity not available with conventional materials, and therefore enables a new generation of ultrasenstive nanosensors. The extreme sensitivity and rapid temporal response may also enable entirely new sensing schemes such as stochastic sensors. The development of ultrasensitive multiplexed nanosensors can open many exciting opportunities for highly parallel detection of proteins, nucleic acid, virus, and other biological species from various body fluids without sophisticated purification/amplification process, and enable fast, high fidelity, low cost diagnosis. The high throughput monitor of a large number of distinct sensors can generate a huge amount of data to decipher the complex signal differences and identify fine molecular prints that distinguish patients with certain diseases from the healthy people, and therefore contribute to the development of disease-fingerprinting systems and personalized medicine. Public Health Relevance: The detection and quantification of chemical and biological species are critical for fundamental biological research and medical diagnostics. The central goal of this project is to develop a general platform technology using atomically thin graphene nanostructures (e.g. graphene and grapheme nanoribbon or graphene nanomesh) to directly transduce specific molecular binding events into electrical signals, and create multiplexed biological nanosensors for highly parallel, sensitive and selective detection of proteins, nucleic acid, virus, and other biological species. The proposed sensing approach has the potential to enable a new generation of point-of-care diagnostic tools with multiple advantages over conventional detection schemes, including unprecedented sensitivity, label-free detection, real time electrical data readout, and low cost detection instrumentation.