Psychological and Biological Antecedents of Health Behavior Decisions

描述(由申请人提供)：心理社会过程与健康决定以及一生中的心理和身体健康结果有关。然而，很少有研究探索它们在遗传、早期环境和神经认知过程中的起源与这些后果的联系。这项拟议的研究考察了心理社会资源/风险因素的遗传、SES和家庭环境来源，以及将它们与不良健康行为和心理和生物(心血管、HPA轴、促炎细胞因子)应激反应联系起来的神经机制(ACC、杏仁核、下丘脑、RFC)。年轻人(N=120)完成对早期环境和心理社会资源/风险因素的评估，并对与5-羟色胺和多巴胺系统相关的基因进行基因分型。在一项神经成像的子研究中，一半的样本完成了先前证明可以唤起ACC、杏仁核和PFC对威胁性任务的反应的任务。所有参与者都参加特里尔社会应激任务(TSST)，在此期间评估心血管反应、皮质醇和促炎细胞因子(IL-6和sTNF-RII)。我们测试的预测是：1)心理社会资源/风险因素部分源于与多巴胺能和血清素能功能相关的基因的个体差异，来自早期的家庭环境，以及它们之间的相互作用；2)心理社会资源(乐观、掌握、自尊、社会支持)在较低的dACC、杏仁核和下丘脑对威胁的反应和较高的PFC对威胁的反应的神经水平上明显；3)糟糕的健康决策和心理社会风险因素(例如，消极的情绪性、低SES、早期不利环境)在较高的dACC、杏仁核和下丘脑以及较低的PFC对威胁的反应的神经水平上明显；4)心理社会资源的不足将通过遗传差异、早期环境和神经对威胁相关刺激的反应差异作为预测因子，以及作为后果的增强的生物/心理反应，与糟糕的健康决策有关。支持这些假说的证据将提供对早期环境、遗传和神经机制的综合评估，这些机制是健康决策和心理和身体健康结果的基础。因此，这项研究带来了一种终身方法，将遗传学、心理神经免疫学、健康心理学和社会神经科学结合在一起。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Psychosocial processes are implicated in health decisions and in mental and physical health outcomes across the lifespan. However, little research has explored their origins in genetic, early environment, and neurocognitive processes in conjunction with these consequences. The proposed research examines genetic, SES, and family environment origins of psychosocial resources/risk factors and the neural mechanisms (ACC, amygdala, hypothalamus, RFC) that link them to poor health behaviors and psychological and biological (cardiovascular, HPA axis, proinflammatory cytokine) stress responses. Young adults (N= 120) complete assessments of early environment and psychosocial resources/risk factors and are genotyped for genes related to the serotonin and dopamine systems. In a neuroimaging sub-study, half the sample completes tasks previously demonstrated to evoke ACC, amygdala, and PFC responses to threatening tasks. All participants participate in the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST), during which cardiovascular responses, cortisol, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and sTNF-RII) are assessed. We test predictions that 1) Psychosocial resources/risk factors derive, in part, from individual differences in genes related to dopaminergic and serontonergic functioning, from an early family environment, and from their interaction; 2) Psychosocial resources (optimism, mastery, self-esteem, social support) are evident at the neural level in lower dACC, amygdala, and hypothalamic responses to threat and greater PFC responses to threats; 3) Poor health decisions and psychosocial risk factors (e.g., negative emotionality, low SES, early adverse environment) are evident at the neural level in higher dACC, amygdala, and hypothalamic, and lower PFC responses to threat; and 4) Deficits in psychosocial resources will be associated with poor health decisions through pathways implicating genetic differences, early environment, and neural differences in responsivity to threat-related stimuli as predictors, and enhanced biological/psychological responses to stress as consequences. Evidence in support of these hypotheses will provide an integrated assessment of the early environment, genetic, and neural mechanisms that underlie health decision making and mental and physical health outcomes. As such, the research brings a lifespan approach to an integration of genetics, psychoneuroimmunology, health psychology, and social neuroscience.