Developmental Models of High-Risk Alcohol Use & Social Roles in Young Adulthood

摘要 在整个生命过程中，酒精的使用对大多数人来说在青年时期达到顶峰，而在 这段时间与许多严重的负面后果和潜在的长期影响有关。在此期间 在此期间，酒精使用和大量饮酒的变化被发现是社会角色地位和 上下文。平均而言，年轻人在进入20岁左右的S和 承担新的角色和责任。然而，问题饮酒在中国人中的高流行率 他们十几岁后期和二十五岁出头/中期，包括一生中饮酒或吸毒的风险最高 使用障碍，表明作为一个领域，我们不仅需要更好地理解生活中的重大变化(例如，婚姻， 育儿)，但也有很多小的生活变化，发生在年轻的成年人。人们对此知之甚少 青壮年的微转变，或渐进的步骤/转变(例如，辍学， 开始/结束作业、开始/结束关系、关系的严肃性增加、迁入/迁出 父母、朋友、恋人)构成主要的角色转变，包括感知到的特征 这些角色和转变，以及对酒精使用和饮酒的短期和长期变化的影响 后果。我们需要开发和测试风险模型，这些模型可以导致特定的干预策略 危险的酒精使用和后果。这项拟议的研究集中在青少年饮酒问题上。 并调查了两种发展模式的经验证据，这两种模式被认为是为了解释 青年时期饮酒增加的原因：过渡催化剂模型和过渡 重载模型。拟议项目的长期目标是通过采取 更精细的方法，每月对年轻人进行评估(N=800，18-25岁，通过 社交网络)在第三年进行了两年和两年一次的调查(共26个数据点)，以了解：1) 社会角色微观转换的多样性及其内部和之间的特征 领域以及对酒精使用的影响和后果，2)酒精使用的变化是先于还是 遵循微观转变，以及这是否是改变饮酒动机的函数，以及3)特征有多明显 的角色转变与长期使用有问题的酒精和其他物质相对应，包括 有滥用和依赖的风险。拟议的申请符合NIAAA的战略计划，并具有重要意义 对公共卫生的影响，包括确定何时干预(例如，在某些过渡/生命之前或之后 变化)、针对什么机制(例如，饮酒动机、压力)以及针对谁。

ABSTRACT Across the life course, alcohol use reaches its peak for most individuals during young adulthood, and use at this time is associated with many acute negative consequences and potential longer-term effects. During this period, changes in alcohol use and heavy drinking have been found to be a function of social role status and contexts. Young adults, on average, tend to "mature out" of heavy drinking as they enter their mid/late-20's and take on new roles and responsibilities. However, the high prevalence of problematic drinking among those in their late teens and early/mid-20s, including being at highest lifetime risk for having an alcohol or substance use disorder, suggests that as a field we need to better understand not only major life changes (e.g., marriage, parenting), but also the many smaller life changes that occur during young adulthood. Very little is known about the micro-transitions of young adulthood, or the incremental steps/transitions (e.g., dropping out of school, starting/ending jobs, starting/ending relationships, relationships increasing in seriousness, moving in/out with parents, friends, romantic partners) that comprise major role transitions, including the perceived characteristics of these roles and transitions, and the impact on immediate and long-term changes in alcohol use and consequences. We need to develop and test models of risk that can lead to specific intervention strategies for hazardous alcohol use and consequences. The proposed research focuses on alcohol use during young adulthood and investigates empirical evidence for two developmental models that have been posited to explain why alcohol use increases during young adulthood: the Transitions Catalyst Model and the Transitions Overload Model. The long-term objectives of the proposed project are to extend prior research by taking a finer-grained approach with monthly assessments of young adults (N = 800, 18-25 years old, recruited via social networking) across two years and bi-annual surveys in Year 3 (total of 26 data points) to understand: 1) the multitude of social role micro-transitions and characteristics of these transitions both within and between domains and the impact on alcohol use and consequences, 2) whether changes in alcohol use precede or follow micro-transitions, and whether this is a function of changing drinking motives, and 3) how distinct profiles of role transitions correspond with longer-term problematic alcohol and other substance use in YA, including risk for abuse and dependence. The proposed application fits within NIAAA's strategic plan and has significant implications for public health, including identifying when to intervene (e.g., before or after certain transitions/life changes), what mechanisms to target (e.g., drinking motives, stress), and who to target.