Secondary data analysis of existing data to explore the RDoC construct of agency across the psychosis spectrum using fMRI and EEG

精神病的主要症状，如妄想和幻觉，与高血压有关。 发病率和死亡率，促使人们努力了解其病理生理学。这些症状可能是 基于对感觉的误解和误解，这种误解和误解是由于基本上没有能力 认识到你是你所拥有的自我生成体验的代理人。如果潜在的机制 代理功能失调，应该被预测的感觉，但没有，可能会采取 不适当的突显性，并导致构建妄想性认知图式来解释异常 体验.这一代理系统的功能异常可能是精神病和精神病的特征 易损性. 我们的每一步行动都伴随着一份汽车计划的副本，这份计划会产生一种对它的期望。 感官后果，然后将其与实际感觉进行比较。通过这个比较过程 检测并纠正错误。这很可能是由意识之外的快速小脑侧回路完成的。 发声被用来研究整个动物王国的这种比较过程。在所有情况下，听觉 与声音来自其他来源时相比，发声期间的响应性受到抑制。在 在人类中，这被视为对基于EEG的事件相关电位的N1分量的抑制， 从听觉皮层发出与精神分裂症中这种机制缺陷的建议一致，我们 已经表明，在发声过程中N1的抑制在精神病和精神病脆弱性中减少。 当N1被分解成它的基本元素时，具体地说是θ频带功率和试验间相干性（ITC）， θ ITC的抑制对精神病和妄想更敏感。我们建议使用抑制 N1和theta ITC在发声过程中作为机构的测定。 在一项大型的多中心研究中，我们使用静息态磁共振成像（fMRI）数据来计算 功能连接，并发现精神病与丘脑和 小脑，尤其是妄想症患者。我们建议使用小脑种子来扩展这项工作 源自代理任务（发声和按下按钮以听到音调），并与小脑相关 与代理功能障碍相关的精神病症状的连接障碍和 社 我们建议将现有的静息状态fMRI和基于EEG的发声数据从两个网站，从 男性和女性（12-62岁），跨诊断和健康谱：临床高危青年， 精神分裂症、情感障碍、精神病性双相患者及其一级亲属和健康对照。

Cardinal symptoms of psychotic illnesses, such as delusions and hallucinations, are associated with high morbidity and mortality, motivating efforts to understand their pathophysiology. These symptoms may be underpinned by misperceptions and misinterpretations of sensations that result from a basic inability to recognize that you are the agent of the self-generated experiences you are having. If mechanisms underlying agency are dysfunctional, sensations that should have been predicted, but were not, might take on inappropriate salience and lead to the construction of delusional cognitive schema to explain aberrant experience. Abnormal functioning of this agentive system may characterize psychosis and psychosis vulnerability. Very move we make is accompanied by a copy of the motor plan that generates an expectation of its sensory consequences, which is then compared to the actual sensation. Through this comparison process errors are detected and corrected. This is likely done by rapid cerebellar side loops, out of awareness. Vocalization is used to study this comparison process across the animal kingdom. In all cases, auditory responsiveness is suppressed during vocalizing compared to when the sound is coming from other sources. In humans, this is seen as suppression of the N1 component of the EEG-based event-related potential, emanating from auditory cortex. Consistent with suggestions of deficits in this mechanism in schizophrenia, we have shown that suppression of N1 during vocalizing is reduced in psychosis and psychosis vulnerability. When N1 is decomposed into its basic elements, specifically theta band power and inter-trial coherence (ITC), suppression of theta ITC is more sensitive to psychosis and delusions. We propose to use suppression of N1 and theta ITC during vocalization as assays of agency. In a large multi-site study, we used resting state magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to calculate functional connectivity and found that psychosis is associated with hypo-connectivity between thalamus and cerebellum, especially in patients with delusions. We propose to extend this work using cerebellar seeds derived from agentive tasks (vocalizing and pressing a button to hear a tone), and relate cerebellar dysconnectivity to psychotic symptoms associated with dysfunctions of agency and EEG assays of agency. We propose to align existing resting state fMRI and EEG-based vocalization data from two sites, from males and females (12-62 years old), across diagnoses and the wellness spectrum: clinical high-risk youth, schizophrenia, schizoaffective, psychotic bipolar patients and their 1st degree relatives, and healthy controls.