Sources, Transport, Exposure and Effects of PFASs (STEEP)

项目总结 陡峭项目4，检测和生物积累，将开发、验证和部署新型被动采样器 水和微孔水中多氟烷基物质(PFASs)的检测，从而直接 解决超级基金研究计划(SRP)S的任务是开发新的工具来检测 危险化合物。在受污染的地点，随着对PFAS羽流范围的调查，活水 采样是劳动和时间密集型的，容易出现采样/污染伪影，并且不一定 反映典型情况。现场验证的被动抽样方法的好处包括：(I)易于 处理；(2)便于运往或运离采样点；(3)易于分析，无需耗时提取； (4)减少污染的可能性；和(5)监管所需的较低的检测下限 各机构调整他们的参考剂量。 项目4侧重于三个创新研究部分，包括开发和实地 三种新型检测工具的验证：(I)研制用于测量PFAS的PFAS孔水纤维 孔隙水中的浓度，以推断分配和生物有效性，并将结果与 与美国环保局合作，在双壳类中对全氟辛烷磺酸积累进行受控生物积累试验；(2)实地 验证用于报告水中时间加权平均(TWA)浓度的PFAS采样管，以及(Iii) 验证用于报告前体浓度的无源聚乙烯全氟辛烷磺酸前体采样器。 初步结果表明，PFAS采样管起到扩散采样器的作用，这意味着 全氟辛烷磺酸的吸收取决于它们的分子扩散系数，而不是采样器管外的水流。 一旦项目4确定了全氟辛烷磺酸的扩散系数，就可以很容易地推算出全氟辛烷磺酸的水浓度。 非离子PFAS前体在聚乙烯取样器中的分配遵循基于以下公式的预测 十六烷-水的分配，以及聚乙烯取样器在地表水中积累全氟辛烷磺酸。 项目4在陡坡内得到了很好的整合。现场验证和应用的网站将位于 马萨诸塞州科德角，社区参与核心活动的主要地点，并将吸引居民和 利益相关者解决对加油站长距离运输的担忧，并确定受影响的程度 池塘、小溪和河口。项目4将与项目1(运输和命运)通过共同 被动采样器在科德角联合基地附近池塘的现场部署，那里的地下水是 被形成泡沫的水膜污染，并与项目3(啮齿动物模型)合作进行组织分析和 表征全氟辛烷磺酸的基本性质。最后，项目4将与研究翻译核心和 美国环保局将全氟辛烷磺酸被动采样器的结果和应用转化为州和联邦机构， 以及关于讲座(检测、取样)、实验室活动(检测、质量保证/质量控制)和实地的培训核心 TRIPS(部署、抽样)。

PROJECT SUMMARY STEEP Project 4, Detection and Bioaccumulation, will develop, validate and deploy novel passive samplers for the detection of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water and porewater, thereby directly addressing the Superfund Research Program (SRP)’s mandate to develop new tools for the detection of hazardous compounds. At contaminated sites, as the extent of a PFAS plume is investigated, active water sampling is labor- and time-intensive, prone to sampling/contamination artifacts and does not necessarily reflect typical conditions. The benefits of field-validated passive sampling approaches include (i) ease of handling; (ii) ease of shipping to/from sampling sites; (iii) ease of analysis without time-consuming extractions; (iv) reduced potential for contamination; and (v) lower detection limits that will be needed as regulatory agencies adjust their references doses. Project 4 focuses on three innovative research components, consisting of the development and field validation of three novel detection tools: (i) developing the PFAS porewater fiber for measuring PFAS concentrations in porewater to deduce partitioning and bioavailability, and comparing results to those from controlled bioaccumulation tests for PFAS accumulation in bivalves, in collaboration with the U.S. EPA; (ii) field validating a PFAS sampling tube for reporting time weighted average (TWA) concentrations in water, and (iii) validating a passive polyethylene PFAS precursor sampler for reporting precursor concentrations. Preliminary results indicate that the PFAS sampling tube functions as a diffusive sampler, implying that the uptake of PFASs depends on their molecular diffusivity, not on the water flow outside of the sampler tube. Once PFAS diffusivities are characterized by Project 4, water concentrations of PFASs can easily be derived. The partitioning of non-ionic PFAS precursors into the polyethylene sampler follows predictions based on hexadecane-water partitioning, and that polyethylene samplers accumulate PFASs in surface waters. Project 4 is well-integrated within STEEP. Sites for field validation and application will be located on Cape Cod, MA, the primary site of the Community Engagement Core activities, and will engage residents and stakeholders to address concerns about long-range PFAS transport and characterize the extent of impacted ponds, creeks and estuaries. Project 4 will work closely with Project 1 (transport and fate) through common field deployments of passive samplers in ponds near Joint Base Cape Cod, where groundwater is contaminated by aqueous film forming foams, and work with Project 3 (rodent model) on tissue analysis and characterizing basic properties for PFASs. Lastly, Project 4 will work with the Research Translation Core and U.S. EPA to translate results and applications of passive samplers for PFASs to state and federal agencies, and with the Training Core on lectures (detection, sampling), laboratory activities (detection, QA/QC) and field trips (deployment, sampling).