The Neurobiology of Social Decision-Making: Social Inference and Context

概况.项目摘要。 这一基础研究中心的更新申请旨在阐明神经生物学 人类的社会决策机制。虽然我们目前的孔蒂中心调查了基本的 决策系统，在人类和猴子身上都是如此，这种更新现在只关注 人类，以及更相关的问题。特别地，我们现在关注社会推理是如何 and context上下文come into play游戏.我们如何将价值观、信仰和意图等内部状态归因于 其他人吗这如何取决于我们观察这些人的背景？它是如何 影响我们如何向他人学习，如何做出利他的决定，如何处理社会问题。 威胁？这组新问题直接建立在我们目前的Conte中心， 理解社会决策缺陷的重要性，如自闭症谱系中发生的缺陷 疾病和其他精神疾病。 三个核心提供行政、神经影像和参与者招募和评估 五个项目的资源，每个项目都由国际知名的领导人指导，他们都有一个轨道， 科学合作记录，学生培训，以及计划研究主题的专业知识。独特 该应用的创新优势是神经成像、颅内电生理学和 人类受试者的病变研究。交叉问题可以通过这种多模式办法加以解决， 这包括我们记录电生理学的同一对象的神经成像， 病变受试者 项目1首先研究社会推理和背景如何指导社会学习。项目2 第三，研究社会推理如何调节社会决策，无论是在亲社会，利他主义的背景下， （项目2）或处于社会威胁之下（项目3）。项目4研究了这些问题， 代表其他人和我们自己，使用单一单位的录音。项目5侧重于研究 前额叶皮层，这是大脑区域最密切参与的过程正在调查。这 将科学融入强调传播和多样性的培训和推广计划;所有数据 用于数据共享。对参赛人员进行统一的招募和考核， 项目之间的整合和沟通，以及团队的协作记录将利用 这些研究是对社会中最大的突出问题进行系统和协调的调查， 决策的这一主题的进展将是更好的诊断和治疗的重要组成部分， 一系列精神疾病，包括自闭症、成瘾和情绪障碍。

OVERVIEW. Project Summary. This renewal application of a basic research Conte Center aims to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms for social decision-making in humans. While our current Conte Center investigated the basic systems for decision-making, and did so in both humans and monkeys, this renewal now focuses only on humans, and on more translationally relevant questions. In particular, we now focus on how social inference and context come into play. How do we attribute internal states, such as values, beliefs, and intentions, to other people? How does this depend on the context in which we observe those other people? How does it influence how we can learn from others, how we make altruistic decisions about them, how we deal with social threat? This set of new questions builds directly on our current Conte Center, and is of critical translational importance for understanding deficits in social decision-making such as those that occur in autism spectrum disorders and other psychiatric illnesses. Three cores provide administrative, neuroimaging, and participant recruitment and assessment resources for five Projects that are each directed by internationally renowned leaders, all of whom have a track record of scientific collaboration, student training, and expertise in the topic of the planned studies. Unique innovative strengths of this application are the combination of neuroimaging, intracranial electrophysiology, and lesion studies in human subjects. Cross-cutting questions can be addressed with this multimodal approach, which includes neuroimaging in the very same subjects from whom we record electrophysiologically, and in lesion subjects. Project 1 begins by investigating how social inference and context guides social learning. Projects 2 and 3 examine how social inference modulates social decision-making, in either prosocial, altruistic contexts (Project 2) or under social threat (Project 3). Project 4 examines these questions in relation to how we represent other people and ourselves, using single-unit recordings. Project 5 focuses on lesion studies of the prefrontal cortex, which is the brain region most closely involved in the processes under investigation. This science is woven into a training and outreach program emphasizing dissemination and diversity; and all data are made available for data sharing. The uniform recruitment and assessment of participants, the tight integration and communication between Projects, and the collaborative track record of the team will leverage these studies to a systematic and coordinated investigation of the largest outstanding questions in social decision-making. Progress on this topic will be an essential component for better diagnoses and treatments for a range of psychiatric disorders, including autism, addiction, and mood disorders.