Motivation in context: Risk for early substance use

描述（由申请人提供）：发展生态学理论认为，儿童和青少年开始使用物质（SU）是个体及其社会环境背景之间相互作用和相互影响的函数。然而，很少有研究从多个层面整合风险和保护因素。需要有理论基础的研究来指导预防性干预措施的制定，这些研究描绘了对早期出现的SU的独特和互动的个体和背景影响。我们建议测试中介和温和的认知，同伴，父母，社区和心理生物学/动机因素之间的关系，青少年SU的途径。神经科学的研究表明，青春期食欲动机的变化增加了对危险环境的脆弱性。拟议的研究将探讨如何在食欲动机的变化收敛与社区，父母和同龄人的情况下，影响内隐和外显的信念支持SU和SU。400名10-12岁儿童的样本在3个波中进行评估，将允许检查这些结构的变化如何预示SU。将使用实验室任务、生理指标和父母报告评估基于接近、抑制和自我调节的儿童动机概况。多种方法将用于评估有关SU的信念，以及同龄人，父母和社区背景。本研究将结合潜在的个人资料、过渡、多层次和成长分析来研究：（1）SU信念的轨迹;（2）情境对SU信念和SU的直接、间接和相互影响;（3）动机个人资料对情境和信念与SU之间关系的调节作用。本研究探讨了发展变化的信念，青少年SU，和调制的背景影响的心理生物学的动机配置文件。拟议的研究有可能为SU预防干预措施的内容如何针对特定人群提供重要的指导，并针对相关的病因学过程以实现最大的有效性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Developmental-ecological theory posits that the initiation of substance use (SU) in childhood and adolescence is a function of reciprocal and interacting influences between individuals and their socio- environmental context. Yet, very little research has integrated risk and protective factors from multiple levels. Theoretically grounded research that delineates unique and interactive individual and contextual influences on early emerging SU is needed to guide the development of preventive interventions. We propose to test mediational and moderational relations among cognitive, peer, parental, community, and psychobiological/motivational factors as pathways to adolescent SU. Research in neuroscience suggests that changes in appetitive motivation during adolescence increases vulnerability to risky contexts. The proposed research will examine how shifts in appetitive motivation converge with community, parental, and peer contexts to influence both implicit and explicit beliefs supportive of SU and SU. A sample of 400 10-12 year old children assessed across 3-waves will allow for the examination of how changes in these constructs presage SU. Child motivational profiles based on approach, inhibition, and self-regulation will be assessed using laboratory tasks, physiological indicators, and parent reports. Multiple methods will be used to assess beliefs about SU, and peer, parental, and community context. A combination of latent profile, transition, multilevel, and growth analysis, will be used to examine: 1) trajectories of SU beliefs; 2) the direct, indirect, and reciprocal effects of context on SU beliefs and SU; and 3) the moderating effect of motivational profiles on the relation between context and beliefs and SU. This study examines developmental changes in beliefs related to adolescent SU, and modulation of contextual influences by psychobiological motivational profiles. The proposed research has the potential to provide important direction for how the content of SU preventive interventions could be tailored for specific populations and to target relevant etiological processes for maximal effectiveness.